Cara menggunakan D3.JSON pada JavaScript

D3 JSON Data

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In this section, you will understand how using JSON can simplify your D3.js code as well as your JavaScript code.

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We will cover previous examples, how to bind JSON objects to the __data__ attribute and how we can use JSON to clean up the code for easier comprehension.

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JSON

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JSON stands for JavaScript Object Notion.

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This is a JavaScript data structure where the indices are named.

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The JSON is a collection of name/value pairs.

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In JSON, the name must always be in double quotes. As an example:

var secretAgent = {
  "name":"James Bond",
  "drink":"dry martini - shaken, not stirred",
  "number":"007"
};

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This allows us to get specific information from our variable using a "dot" by writing secretAgent.number

var secretAgent = {
  "name":"James Bond",
  "drink":"dry martini - shaken, not stirred",
  "number":"007"
};

secretAgent.number;

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This gives us the following in the Chrome JavaScript Console

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This makes referencing code and data much easier.

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Array of JSON Objects

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As we discussed at the top of this section - Arrays can hold any type of information, even JSON.

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Going back to our circle examples in a previous section (Using the SVG Coordinate Space With D3.js), we could write all the necessary data to visualize our circles are an array of circle objects:

var jsonCircles = [
  {
   "x_axis": 30,
   "y_axis": 30,
   "radius": 20,
   "color" : "green"
  }, {
   "x_axis": 70,
   "y_axis": 70,
   "radius": 20,
   "color" : "purple"
  }, {
   "x_axis": 110,
   "y_axis": 100,
   "radius": 20,
   "color" : "red"
}];

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Let's look at the jsonCircles variable in the Chrome JavaScript Console:

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We can see that jsonCircles is an array of three objects:

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Let's rewrite our jsonCircles variable with lots of blank spaces and make the definitions more compact so that we can compare across lines:

var jsonCircles = [
  {"x_axis":  30, "y_axis":  30, "radius": 20, "color" :  "green"},
  {"x_axis":  70, "y_axis":  70, "radius": 20, "color" : "purple"},
  {"x_axis": 110, "y_axis": 100, "radius": 20, "color" :    "red"}
];

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Now we can get data from any JSON object in the array of JSON objects.

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We can also get data from a key value pair out of a specific JSON object.

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For example, let's get the "color" of the first circle by typing jsonCircles[0].color into the JavaScript Console (remember JavaScript are 0-based indexed):

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The result is:

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We can the "y_axis" value for the second circle by typing jsonCircles[1].y_axis into the JavaScript Console:

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The result is:

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We can the "radius" value for the second circle by typing jsonCircles[2].radius into the JavaScript Console:

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The result is:

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This will be extremely useful in the next and subsequent sections for use inside of functions when using D3.js operators and methods.

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Previous Example of Three Circles

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In the Using the SVG Coordinate Space With D3.js section, we created and styled three circles using D3.js using the following D3 code:

var svgContainer = d3.select("body").append("svg")
                                    .attr("width", 200)
                                    .attr("height", 200);

var circles = svgContainer.selectAll("circle")
                          .data(spaceCircles)
                          .enter()
                          .append("circle");

var circleAttributes = circles
                       .attr("cx", function (d) { return d; })
                       .attr("cy", function (d) { return d; })
                       .attr("r", 20 )
                       .style("fill", function(d) {
                         
                         var returnColor;
                         
                         if (d === 30) { returnColor = "green";
                         } else if (d === 70) { returnColor = "purple";
                         } else if (d === 110) { returnColor = "red"; }
                         
                         return returnColor;
                       });

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Running that code in the Chrome JavaScript Console, gave us the following on the webpage:

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This example used the data to set the cx, cy and style fill for each circle.

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However, as you probably noticed, the cx and cy units were the same.

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Also - perhaps more dangerous, was that the if statements had hard coded values ("green", "purple", "red").

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Hard coded values are never a good idea, because if our data changes, then we would have to change our code in several places.

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Binding JSON Objects to the __data__ Attribute

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In the Data Structures D3.js Accepts section, we covered how we could use JavaScript JSON Objects in the Data Array we pass to D3.js.

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Using our example above (the three circles) and the JSON notation, we could write our data structure as JSON :

var jsonCircles = [
  {
   "x_axis": 30,
   "y_axis": 30,
   "radius": 20,
   "color" : "green"
  }, {
   "x_axis": 70,
   "y_axis": 70,
   "radius": 20,
   "color" : "purple"
  }, {
   "x_axis": 110,
   "y_axis": 100,
   "radius": 20,
   "color" : "red"
}];

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Note that we have moved our color from the if ... then functions in the D3.js code to our data.

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This will not always be possible. For now, we will assume it is possible and deal with other cases later.

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In doing this, we can now type the following into our JavaScript Console:

var jsonCircles = [
  {
   "x_axis": 30,
   "y_axis": 30,
   "radius": 20,
   "color" : "green"
  }, {
   "x_axis": 70,
   "y_axis": 70,
   "radius": 20,
   "color" : "purple"
  }, {
   "x_axis": 110,
   "y_axis": 100,
   "radius": 20,
   "color" : "red"
}];

var svgContainer = d3.select("body").append("svg")
                                    .attr("width", 200)
                                    .attr("height", 200);

var circles = svgContainer.selectAll("circle")
                          .data(jsonCircles)
                          .enter()
                          .append("circle");

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Which gives us this in the webpage:

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To check to make sure the right D3 JSON data was bound to the right SVG Circle DOM element, let's look at the JavaScript circles variable we created.

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This circles variable will contain the D3 selection containing the SVG Circle elements.

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To access it, we type the following into the JavaScript console:

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This gives us:

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We then click into it and scroll down to look for the __data__ property:

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As you can see the first JSON data element from the jsonCircles data structure was bound to the first SVG Circle element.

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Which is fantastic!

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Before we had been able to bind a single number to the __data__ attribute.

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Now we have bound a JSON object to the __data__ attribute.

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And because the object is bound to the __data__ attribute, it means that D3.js can use it within its operator and methods!

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Use Bound JSON Objects to Alter SVG Elements

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We will now use the bound JSON Objects in the __data__ attribute to alter the SVG Circles.

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If you recall the Use D3.js To Create SVG Elements Based on Data section, we discussed the key to using the bound data, being the JavaScript function:

function (d) { return d; }

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Above, we covered how JSON objects allow us to use their name/value pair to call specific data from them:

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Combining these two pieces of knowledge, allows us to write the following anonymous functions that use JSON Object key value pairs to get data in D3.js:

function (d) { return d.name; }

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Where name is the name associated with the specific name/value pair in the JSON Object.

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In our case, using our jsonCircles JSON data array that we re-wrote above to make it easier to compare across lines, we have:

var jsonCircles = [
  {"x_axis":  30, "y_axis":  30, "radius": 20, "color" :  "green"},
  {"x_axis":  70, "y_axis":  70, "radius": 20, "color" : "purple"},
  {"x_axis": 110, "y_axis": 100, "radius": 20, "color" :    "red"}
];

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Remember that the extra spaces in the JSON definition don't matter as long as they are outside of the double quotes.

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With that JSON data structure we can use D3 to access the JSON key value pairs using JavaScript Anonymous Functions

function (d) { return d.x_axis; }

function (d) { return d.y_axis; }

function (d) { return d.radius; }

function (d) { return d.color; }

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