Cara menggunakan dummy line in python
- Apa yang Baru di Python
- What's New In Python 3.10
- Summary -- Release highlights
- New Features
- Parenthesized context managers
- Better error messages
- SyntaxErrors
- IndentationErrors
- AttributeErrors
- NameErrors
- PEP 626: Precise line
numbers for debugging and other tools
- PEP 634: Structural Pattern Matching
- Syntax and operations
- Declarative approach
- Simple pattern: match to a literal
- Behavior without the wildcard
- Patterns with a literal and variable
- Patterns and classes
- Patterns with positional parameters
- Nested patterns
- Complex patterns and the wildcard
- Guard
- Other Key Features
- Optional
EncodingWarning and encoding="locale" option
- New Features Related to Type Hints
- PEP 604: New Type Union Operator
- PEP 612: Parameter Specification Variables
- PEP 613: TypeAlias
- PEP 647: User-Defined Type Guards
- Other Language Changes
- New Modules
- Improved Modules
- asyncio
- argparse
- array
- asynchat, asyncore, smtpd
- base64
- bdb
- bisect
- codecs
- collections.abc
- contextlib
- curses
- dataclasses
- __slots__
- Keyword-only fields
- distutils
- doctest
- encodings
- fileinput
- faulthandler
- gc
- glob
- hashlib
- hmac
- IDLE and idlelib
- importlib.metadata
- inspect
- itertools
- linecache
- os
- os.path
- pathlib
- platform
- pprint
- py_compile
- pyclbr
- shelve
- statistics
- site
- socket
- ssl
- sqlite3
- sys
- _thread
- threading
- traceback
- types
- typing
- unittest
- urllib.parse
- xml
- zipimport
- Optimizations
- Deprecated
- Removed
- Porting to Python 3.10
- Changes in the Python syntax
- Changes in the Python API
- Changes in the C API
- CPython bytecode changes
- Build Changes
- C API Changes
- PEP 652: Maintaining the Stable ABI
- New Features
- Porting to Python 3.10
- Deprecated
- Removed
- Notable security feature in 3.10.7
- Notable security feature in 3.10.8
- What's New In Python 3.9
- Summary -- Release highlights
- You should check for DeprecationWarning in your code
- New Features
- Dictionary Merge & Update Operators
- New String Methods to Remove Prefixes and Suffixes
- Type Hinting Generics in Standard
Collections
- New Parser
- Other Language Changes
- New Modules
- Improved Modules
- ast
- asyncio
- compileall
- concurrent.futures
- curses
- datetime
- distutils
- fcntl
- ftplib
- gc
- hashlib
- http
- IDLE and idlelib
- imaplib
- importlib
- inspect
- ipaddress
- math
- multiprocessing
- nntplib
- os
- pathlib
- pdb
- poplib
- pprint
- pydoc
- random
- signal
- smtplib
- socket
- time
- sys
- tracemalloc
- typing
- unicodedata
- venv
- xml
- Optimizations
- Deprecated
- Removed
- Porting to Python 3.9
- Changes in the Python API
- Changes in the C API
- CPython bytecode
changes
- Build Changes
- C API Changes
- New Features
- Porting to Python 3.9
- Removed
- Notable changes in Python 3.9.1
- typing
- macOS 11.0 [Big Sur] and Apple Silicon Mac
support
- Notable changes in Python 3.9.2
- collections.abc
- urllib.parse
- What's New In
Python 3.8
- Summary -- Release highlights
- New Features
- Assignment expressions
- Positional-only parameters
- Parallel filesystem cache for compiled bytecode files
- Debug build uses the same ABI as release build
- f-strings support
= for self-documenting expressions and debugging - PEP 578: Python Runtime Audit Hooks
- PEP 587: Python
Initialization Configuration
- PEP 590: Vectorcall: a fast calling protocol for CPython
- Pickle protocol 5 with out-of-band data buffers
- Other Language Changes
- New Modules
- Improved Modules
- ast
- asyncio
- builtins
- collections
- cProfile
- csv
- curses
- ctypes
- datetime
- functools
- gc
- gettext
- gzip
- IDLE and idlelib
- inspect
- io
- itertools
- json.tool
- logging
- math
- mmap
- multiprocessing
- os
- os.path
- pathlib
- pickle
- plistlib
- pprint
- py_compile
- shlex
- shutil
- socket
- ssl
- statistics
- sys
- tarfile
- threading
- tokenize
- tkinter
- time
- typing
- unicodedata
- unittest
- venv
- weakref
- xml
- xmlrpc
- Optimizations
- Build and C API Changes
- Deprecated
- API and Feature Removals
- Porting to Python 3.8
- Changes in Python behavior
- Changes in the
Python API
- Changes in the C API
- CPython bytecode changes
- Demos and Tools
- Notable changes in Python 3.8.1
- Notable changes in Python 3.8.8
- Notable changes in Python 3.8.12
- What's New In Python 3.7
- Summary -- Release Highlights
- New Features
- PEP 563: Postponed Evaluation of
Annotations
- PEP 538: Legacy C Locale Coercion
- PEP 540: Forced UTF-8 Runtime Mode
- PEP 553: Built-in
breakpoint[] - PEP 539: New C API for Thread-Local Storage
- PEP 562: Customization of Access to Module Attributes
- PEP 564: New Time
Functions With Nanosecond Resolution
- PEP 565: Show DeprecationWarning in
__main__ - PEP 560: Core Support for
typing module and Generic Types - PEP 552: Hash-based .pyc Files
- PEP 545: Python Documentation Translations
- Python Development Mode [-X dev]
- Other Language Changes
- New Modules
- contextvars
- dataclasses
- importlib.resources
- Improved Modules
- argparse
- asyncio
- binascii
- calendar
- collections
- compileall
- concurrent.futures
- contextlib
- cProfile
- crypt
- datetime
- dbm
- decimal
- dis
- distutils
- enum
- functools
- gc
- hmac
- http.client
- http.server
- idlelib and IDLE
- importlib
- io
- ipaddress
- itertools
- locale
- logging
- math
- mimetypes
- msilib
- multiprocessing
- os
- pathlib
- pdb
- py_compile
- pydoc
- queue
- re
- signal
- socket
- socketserver
- sqlite3
- ssl
- string
- subprocess
- sys
- time
- tkinter
- tracemalloc
- types
- unicodedata
- unittest
- unittest.mock
- urllib.parse
- uu
- uuid
- warnings
- xml.etree
- xmlrpc.server
- zipapp
- zipfile
- C
API Changes
- Build Changes
- Optimizations
- Other CPython Implementation Changes
- Deprecated Python Behavior
- Deprecated Python modules, functions and methods
- aifc
- asyncio
- collections
- dbm
- enum
- gettext
- importlib
- locale
- macpath
- threading
- socket
- ssl
- sunau
- sys
- wave
- Deprecated
functions and types of the C API
- Platform Support Removals
- API and Feature Removals
- Module Removals
- Windows-only Changes
- Porting to Python 3.7
- Changes in Python Behavior
- Changes in the Python
API
- Changes in the C API
- CPython bytecode changes
- Windows-only Changes
- Other CPython implementation changes
- Notable changes in Python 3.7.1
- Notable changes in Python 3.7.2
- Notable changes in Python 3.7.6
- Notable changes in Python 3.7.10
- Apa yang Baru di Python 3.6
- Singkatan -- Sorotan Rilis
- Fitur-fitur
Baru
- PEP 498: Formatted string literals
- PEP 526: Syntax for variable annotations
- PEP 515: Underscores in Numeric Literals
- PEP 525: Asynchronous Generators
- PEP 530: Asynchronous Comprehensions
- PEP 487: Simpler customization of class creation
- PEP 487: Descriptor Protocol Enhancements
- PEP 519: Adding a file system path protocol
- PEP 495: Local Time Disambiguation
- PEP 529: Change Windows filesystem encoding to UTF-8
- PEP 528: Change Windows console encoding to UTF-8
- PEP 520:
Preserving Class Attribute Definition Order
- PEP 468: Preserving Keyword Argument Order
- New dict implementation
- PEP 523: Adding
a frame evaluation API to CPython
- PYTHONMALLOC environment variable
- DTrace and SystemTap probing support
- Perubahan Bahasa Lainnya
- Modul-Modul Baru
- Modul yang Ditingkatkan
- array
- ast
- asyncio
- binascii
- cmath
- collections
- concurrent.futures
- contextlib
- datetime
- decimal
- distutils
- email
- encodings
- enum
- faulthandler
- fileinput
- hashlib
- http.client
- idlelib and IDLE
- importlib
- inspect
- json
- logging
- math
- multiprocessing
- os
- pathlib
- pdb
- pickle
- pickletools
- pydoc
- random
- re
- readline
- rlcompleter
- shlex
- site
- sqlite3
- socket
- socketserver
- ssl
- statistics
- struct
- subprocess
- sys
- telnetlib
- time
- timeit
- tkinter
- traceback
- tracemalloc
- typing
- unicodedata
- unittest.mock
- urllib.request
- urllib.robotparser
- venv
- warnings
- winreg
- winsound
- xmlrpc.client
- zipfile
- zlib
- Optimalisasi
- Perubahan Pembangunan Build dan API C
- Other Improvements
- Usang
- New Keywords
- Deprecated Python behavior
- Deprecated Python modules, functions and
methods
- asynchat
- asyncore
- dbm
- distutils
- grp
- importlib
- os
- re
- ssl
- tkinter
- venv
- Deprecated functions and types of the C API
- Deprecated Build Options
- Removed
- API dan Penghapusan Fitur
- Porting to Python 3.6
- Changes in 'python' Command Behavior
- Perubahan pada API Python
- Perubahan dalam API C
- Perubahan bytecode CPython
- Notable changes in Python 3.6.2
- New
make regen-all build target - Removal of
make touch build target
- Notable changes in Python 3.6.4
- Notable changes in Python 3.6.5
- Notable changes in Python 3.6.7
- Notable changes in Python 3.6.10
- Notable changes in Python 3.6.13
- What's New In Python 3.5
- Singkatan -- Sorotan Rilis
- Fitur-fitur Baru
- PEP 492 - Coroutines with async and await syntax
- PEP 465 - A dedicated infix operator for matrix multiplication
- PEP 448 - Additional Unpacking Generalizations
- PEP 461 - percent formatting support for bytes and bytearray
- PEP 484 - Type Hints
- PEP 471 - os.scandir[] function -- a
better and faster directory iterator
- PEP 475: Retry system calls failing with EINTR
- PEP 479: Change StopIteration handling inside generators
- PEP 485: A function for testing approximate equality
- PEP 486: Make the Python Launcher aware of virtual environments
- PEP
488: Elimination of PYO files
- PEP 489: Multi-phase extension module initialization
- Perubahan Bahasa Lainnya
- Modul-Modul Baru
- Modul yang Ditingkatkan
- argparse
- asyncio
- bz2
- cgi
- cmath
- code
- collections
- collections.abc
- compileall
- concurrent.futures
- configparser
- contextlib
- csv
- curses
- dbm
- difflib
- distutils
- doctest
- email
- enum
- faulthandler
- functools
- glob
- gzip
- heapq
- http
- http.client
- idlelib and IDLE
- imaplib
- imghdr
- importlib
- inspect
- io
- ipaddress
- json
- linecache
- locale
- logging
- lzma
- math
- multiprocessing
- operator
- os
- pathlib
- pickle
- poplib
- re
- readline
- selectors
- shutil
- signal
- smtpd
- smtplib
- sndhdr
- socket
- ssl
- Memory BIO Support
- Application-Layer Protocol Negotiation Support
- Other Changes
- sqlite3
- subprocess
- sys
- sysconfig
- tarfile
- threading
- time
- timeit
- tkinter
- traceback
- types
- unicodedata
- unittest
- unittest.mock
- urllib
- wsgiref
- xmlrpc
- xml.sax
- zipfile
- Other module-level changes
- Optimalisasi
- Perubahan Pembangunan Build dan API C
- Usang
- New Keywords
- Perilaku Python yang Usang
- Unsupported Operating Systems
- Deprecated Python modules, functions and methods
- Removed
- API dan Penghapusan Fitur
- Porting to Python 3.5
- Perubahan perilaku Python
- Perubahan pada API Python
- Perubahan dalam
API C
- Notable changes in Python 3.5.4
- New
make regen-all build target - Removal of
make touch build target
- What's New In Python 3.4
- Ringkasan -- Sorotan Rilis
- Fitur-fitur Baru
- PEP 453: Explicit
Bootstrapping of PIP in Python Installations
- Bootstrapping pip By Default
- Perubahan Dokumentasi
- PEP 446: Newly Created File Descriptors
Are Non-Inheritable
- Improvements to Codec Handling
- PEP 451: A ModuleSpec Type for the Import System
- Perubahan Bahasa Lainnya
- Modul-Modul Baru
- asyncio
- ensurepip
- enum
- pathlib
- selectors
- statistics
- tracemalloc
- Modul yang Ditingkatkan
- abc
- aifc
- argparse
- audioop
- base64
- collections
- colorsys
- contextlib
- dbm
- dis
- doctest
- email
- filecmp
- functools
- gc
- glob
- hashlib
- hmac
- html
- http
- idlelib and IDLE
- importlib
- inspect
- ipaddress
- logging
- marshal
- mmap
- multiprocessing
- operator
- os
- pdb
- pickle
- plistlib
- poplib
- pprint
- pty
- pydoc
- re
- resource
- select
- shelve
- shutil
- smtpd
- smtplib
- socket
- sqlite3
- ssl
- stat
- struct
- subprocess
- sunau
- sys
- tarfile
- textwrap
- threading
- traceback
- types
- urllib
- unittest
- venv
- wave
- weakref
- xml.etree
- zipfile
- CPython Implementation Changes
- PEP 445: Customization of CPython Memory Allocators
- PEP 442: Safe Object Finalization
- PEP 456: Secure and Interchangeable Hash Algorithm
- PEP 436: Argument Clinic
- Other Build and C API Changes
- Other Improvements
- Significant Optimizations
- Usang
- Deprecations in the Python API
- Deprecated Features
- Removed
- Operating Systems No Longer Supported
- API dan
Penghapusan Fitur
- Code Cleanups
- Porting to Python 3.4
- Changes in 'python' Command Behavior
- Perubahan pada API Python
- Perubahan dalam API C
- Changed in 3.4.3
- PEP 476: Enabling certificate verification by default for stdlib http clients
- What's New In Python 3.3
- Singkatan -- Sorotan Rilis
- PEP 405: Virtual Environments
- PEP 420: Implicit Namespace Packages
- PEP 3118: New memoryview implementation and buffer protocol
documentation
- PEP 393: Flexible String Representation
- Functionality
- Performance and resource usage
- PEP 397: Python Launcher for Windows
- PEP 3151: Reworking the OS and IO exception hierarchy
- PEP 380: Syntax for Delegating to a Subgenerator
- PEP 409: Suppressing
exception context
- PEP 414: Explicit Unicode literals
- PEP 3155: Qualified name for classes and functions
- PEP 412: Key-Sharing
Dictionary
- PEP 362: Function Signature Object
- PEP 421: Adding sys.implementation
- Using importlib as the Implementation of Import
- Perubahan
Bahasa Lainnya
- A Finer-Grained Import Lock
- Builtin functions and types
- Modul-Modul Baru
- faulthandler
- ipaddress
- lzma
- Modul yang Ditingkatkan
- abc
- array
- base64
- binascii
- bz2
- codecs
- collections
- contextlib
- crypt
- curses
- datetime
- decimal
- email
- Policy Framework
- Provisional Policy with New Header API
- Perubahan API Lainnya
- ftplib
- functools
- gc
- hmac
- http
- html
- imaplib
- inspect
- io
- itertools
- logging
- math
- mmap
- multiprocessing
- nntplib
- os
- pdb
- pickle
- pydoc
- re
- sched
- select
- shlex
- shutil
- signal
- smtpd
- smtplib
- socket
- socketserver
- sqlite3
- ssl
- stat
- struct
- subprocess
- sys
- tarfile
- tempfile
- textwrap
- threading
- time
- types
- unittest
- urllib
- webbrowser
- xml.etree.ElementTree
- zlib
- Optimalisasi
- Perubahan Pembangunan Build dan API C
- Usang
- Unsupported Operating Systems
- Deprecated Python modules, functions and methods
- Deprecated functions and types of the C API
- Deprecated features
- Porting to Python 3.3
- Porting Python code
- Porting C code
- Building C extensions
- Command Line Switch Changes
- What's New In Python 3.2
- PEP 384:
Defining a Stable ABI
- PEP 389: Argparse Command Line Parsing Module
- PEP 391: Dictionary Based Configuration for Logging
- PEP 3148: The
concurrent.futures module - PEP 3147: PYC Repository Directories
- PEP 3149: ABI Version Tagged .so Files
- PEP 3333: Python Web Server Gateway Interface v1.0.1
- Perubahan Bahasa Lainnya
- New, Improved, and Deprecated Modules
- email
- elementtree
- functools
- itertools
- collections
- threading
- datetime and time
- math
- abc
- io
- reprlib
- logging
- csv
- contextlib
- decimal and
fractions
- ftp
- popen
- select
- gzip and zipfile
- tarfile
- hashlib
- ast
- os
- shutil
- sqlite3
- html
- socket
- ssl
- nntp
- certificates
- imaplib
- http.client
- unittest
- random
- poplib
- asyncore
- tempfile
- inspect
- pydoc
- dis
- dbm
- ctypes
- site
- sysconfig
- pdb
- configparser
- urllib.parse
- mailbox
- turtledemo
- Multi-threading
- Optimalisasi
- Unicode
- Codecs
- Dokumentasi
- IDLE
- Code Repository
- Perubahan Pembangunan Build dan API C
- Porting to Python 3.2
- What's New In Python 3.1
- PEP 372: Ordered Dictionaries
- PEP 378: Format Specifier for Thousands Separator
- Perubahan Bahasa Lainnya
- New, Improved, and Deprecated Modules
- Optimalisasi
- IDLE
- Perubahan Pembangunan Build dan API C
- Porting to Python 3.1
- Apa yang Baru Di Python 3.0
- Common Stumbling Blocks
- Print Is A Function
- Views And Iterators Instead Of
Lists
- Ordering Comparisons
- Integers
- Text Vs. Data Instead Of Unicode Vs. 8-bit
- Overview Of Syntax Changes
- New Syntax
- Changed Syntax
- Removed Syntax
- Changes Already Present In Python 2.6
- Library Changes
- PEP 3101: A New Approach To String Formatting
- Changes To Exceptions
- Miscellaneous Other Changes
- Operators And Special Methods
- Builtins
- Perubahan Pembangunan Build dan API C
- Performa
- Porting To Python 3.0
- Apa yang Baru di Python
2.7
- Masa Depan untuk Python 2.x
- Changes to the Handling of Deprecation Warnings
- Fitur-fitur Python 3.1
- PEP 372: Adding an Ordered Dictionary to collections
- PEP 378: Format Specifier for Thousands Separator
- PEP 389:
The argparse Module for Parsing Command Lines
- PEP 391: Dictionary-Based Configuration For Logging
- PEP 3106: Dictionary Views
- PEP 3137: The
memoryview Object
- Perubahan Bahasa Lainnya
- Perubahan Interpreter
- Optimalisasi
- Modul Baru dan Ditingkatkan
- Modul baru: importlib
- Modul baru: sysconfig
- ttk: Themed Widgets for
Tk
- Modul diperbarui: unittest
- Modul diperbarui: ElementTree 1.3
- Perubahan Pembangunan Build dan API C
- Kapsul
- Port-Specific Changes: Windows
- Port-Specific Changes: Mac OS X
- Port-Specific
Changes: FreeBSD
- Perubahan dan Perbaikan Lain
- Penyesuaian Porting ke Python 2.7
- New Features Added to Python 2.7 Maintenance
Releases
- Two new environment variables for debug mode
- PEP 434: IDLE Enhancement Exception for All Branches
- PEP 466: Network Security Enhancements for Python 2.7
- PEP 477: Backport ensurepip [PEP 453] to Python 2.7
- Bootstrapping pip By
Default
- Perubahan Dokumentasi
- PEP 476: Enabling certificate verification by default for stdlib http clients
- PEP 493: HTTPS verification migration tools for Python 2.7
- New
make regen-all build target - Removal of
make touch build target
- Ucapan Terima Kasih
- Apa yang Baru di Python 2.6
- Python 3.0
- Changes to the Development Process
- New Issue Tracker: Roundup
- New Documentation Format: reStructuredText Using Sphinx
- PEP 343: The 'with' statement
- Writing Context Managers
- The contextlib module
- PEP 366: Explicit Relative Imports From a Main Module
- PEP 370: Per-user
site-packages Directory - PEP 371: The
multiprocessing Package - PEP 3101: Advanced String Formatting
- PEP 3105:
print As a Function - PEP 3110: Exception-Handling Changes
- PEP 3112: Byte Literals
- PEP 3116: New I/O Library
- PEP 3118: Revised Buffer Protocol
- PEP 3119: Abstract Base Classes
- PEP 3127: Integer Literal Support and Syntax
- PEP 3129: Class Decorators
- PEP 3141: A Type Hierarchy for Numbers
- Perubahan Bahasa Lainnya
- Optimalisasi
- Perubahan Interpreter
- Modul Baru dan Ditingkatkan
- The
ast module - The
future_builtins module - The
json module: JavaScript Object Notation - The
plistlib module: A Property-List Parser - ctypes Enhancements
- Improved SSL Support
- Deprecations and Removals
- Perubahan Pembangunan Build dan API C
- Port-Specific Changes: Windows
- Port-Specific Changes: Mac OS X
- Port-Specific Changes: IRIX
- Porting to Python 2.6
- Ucapan Terima Kasih
- What's New in Python 2.5
- PEP 308: Conditional Expressions
- PEP 309:
Partial Function Application
- PEP 314: Metadata for Python Software Packages v1.1
- PEP 328: Absolute and Relative Imports
- PEP 338:
Executing Modules as Scripts
- PEP 341: Unified try/except/finally
- PEP 342: New Generator Features
- PEP 343: The 'with' statement
- Writing Context Managers
- The contextlib module
- PEP 352: Exceptions as New-Style Classes
- PEP 353: Using ssize_t as the index type
- PEP 357: The '__index__' method
- Perubahan Bahasa Lainnya
- Interactive Interpreter Changes
- Optimalisasi
- New, Improved, and Removed Modules
- The ctypes package
- The ElementTree package
- The hashlib package
- The sqlite3 package
- The wsgiref package
- Perubahan Pembangunan Build dan API C
- Porting to Python 2.5
- Ucapan Terima Kasih
- What's New in Python 2.4
- PEP 218: Built-In Set Objects
- PEP 237: Unifying Long Integers and Integers
- PEP 289: Generator Expressions
- PEP 292: Simpler String Substitutions
- PEP 318: Decorators for Functions and Methods
- PEP 322: Reverse Iteration
- PEP 324: New subprocess Module
- PEP 327: Decimal Data Type
- Why is Decimal needed?
- The
Decimal type - The
Context type
- PEP 328: Multi-line Imports
- PEP 331: Locale-Independent Float/String Conversions
- Perubahan Bahasa Lainnya
- New, Improved, and Deprecated Modules
- Perubahan Pembangunan Build dan API C
- Porting to Python 2.4
- Ucapan Terima
Kasih
- What's New in Python 2.3
- PEP 218: A Standard Set Datatype
- PEP 255: Simple Generators
- PEP 263: Source Code Encodings
- PEP 273: Importing Modules from ZIP Archives
- PEP 277: Unicode file name support for Windows NT
- PEP 278: Universal Newline Support
- PEP 279: enumerate[]
- PEP 282: The logging Package
- PEP 285: A Boolean Type
- PEP 293: Codec Error Handling Callbacks
- PEP 301: Package Index and Metadata for Distutils
- PEP 302: New Import Hooks
- PEP 305: Comma-separated Files
- PEP 307: Pickle Enhancements
- Extended Slices
- Perubahan Bahasa Lainnya
- String Changes
- Optimalisasi
- New, Improved, and Deprecated Modules
- Date/Time Type
- The optparse Module
- Pymalloc: A Specialized Object Allocator
- Perubahan Pembangunan Build dan API C
- Perubahan dan Perbaikan Lain
- Porting to Python 2.3
- Ucapan Terima Kasih
- What's New in Python 2.2
- Pengenalan
- PEPs 252 and 253: Type and Class Changes
- Old and New Classes
- Descriptors
- Multiple Inheritance: The Diamond Rule
- Attribute Access
- Related Links
- PEP 234:
Iterators
- PEP 255: Simple Generators
- PEP 237: Unifying Long Integers and Integers
- PEP 238: Changing the Division Operator
- Unicode Changes
- PEP 227: Nested Scopes
- Modul Baru dan Ditingkatkan
- Interpreter Changes and
Fixes
- Perubahan dan Perbaikan Lain
- Ucapan Terima Kasih
- Apa yang Baru di Python 2.1
- Pengenalan
- PEP 227: Nested Scopes
- PEP 236: __future__ Directives
- PEP 207: Rich Comparisons
- PEP 230:
Warning Framework
- PEP 229: New Build System
- PEP 205: Weak References
- PEP 232: Function Attributes
- PEP 235: Importing Modules on Case-Insensitive Platforms
- PEP 217: Interactive Display Hook
- PEP 208: New Coercion Model
- PEP 241: Metadata in Python Packages
- Modul Baru dan Ditingkatkan
- Perubahan dan Perbaikan Lain
- Ucapan Terima Kasih
- What's New in Python 2.0
- Pengenalan
- What About Python 1.6?
- New Development Process
- Unicode
- Daftar List Comprehensions
- Augmented Assignment
- String Methods
- Garbage Collection of Cycles
- Other Core Changes
- Minor Language Changes
- Changes to Built-in Functions
- Porting to 2.0
- Extending/Embedding Changes
- Distutils: Making Modules Easy to Install
- XML Modules
- SAX2 Support
- DOM Support
- Relationship to PyXML
- Module changes
- New modules
- IDLE Improvements
- Deleted and Deprecated Modules
- Ucapan Terima Kasih
- Catatan Perubahan
- Python 3.10.8 final
- Keamanan
- Inti dan Bawaan
- Pustaka
- Dokumentasi
- Pembangunan
- Windows
- macOS
- Python 3.10.7 final
- Keamanan
- Inti dan Bawaan
- Pustaka
- Dokumentasi
- Pengujian
- Pembangunan
- IDLE
- Python 3.10.6 final
- Keamanan
- Inti dan Bawaan
- Pustaka
- Dokumentasi
- Pengujian
- Pembangunan
- Windows
- IDLE
- Perkakas/Demo
- C API
- Python 3.10.5 final
- Inti dan Bawaan
- Pustaka
- Dokumentasi
- Pengujian
- Pembangunan
- Windows
- Perkakas/Demo
- Python 3.10.4 final
- Python 3.10.3 final
- Inti dan Bawaan
- Pustaka
- Dokumentasi
- Pengujian
- Pembangunan
- Windows
- macOS
- IDLE
- C API
- Python 3.10.2 final
- Inti dan Bawaan
- Pustaka
- Dokumentasi
- Pengujian
- Pembangunan
- macOS
- C API
- Python 3.10.1 final
- Inti dan Bawaan
- Pustaka
- Dokumentasi
- Pengujian
- Pembangunan
- Windows
- macOS
- IDLE
- Perkakas/Demo
- C API
- Python 3.10.0 final
- Inti dan Bawaan
- Pustaka
- Dokumentasi
- Pengujian
- Pembangunan
- IDLE
- C API
- Python 3.10.0 release candidate 2
- Keamanan
- Inti dan Bawaan
- Pustaka
- Dokumentasi
- Pengujian
- Windows
- macOS
- Python 3.10.0 release candidate 1
- Keamanan
- Inti dan Bawaan
- Pustaka
- Dokumentasi
- Pengujian
- Windows
- macOS
- Perkakas/Demo
- C API
- Python 3.10.0 beta 4
- Keamanan
- Inti dan Bawaan
- Pustaka
- Dokumentasi
- Pengujian
- Pembangunan
- Windows
- C API
- Python 3.10.0 beta 3
- Inti dan Bawaan
- Pustaka
- Dokumentasi
- Pengujian
- Pembangunan
- IDLE
- C API
- Python 3.10.0 beta 2
- Keamanan
- Inti dan Bawaan
- Pustaka
- Dokumentasi
- Pengujian
- Pembangunan
- Windows
- macOS
- IDLE
- Perkakas/Demo
- C API
- Python 3.10.0 beta 1
- Keamanan
- Inti dan Bawaan
- Pustaka
- Dokumentasi
- Pengujian
- Pembangunan
- Windows
- macOS
- IDLE
- C API
- Python 3.10.0 alpha 7
- Keamanan
- Inti dan Bawaan
- Pustaka
- Dokumentasi
- Pengujian
- Pembangunan
- Windows
- IDLE
- C API
- Python 3.10.0 alpha 6
- Keamanan
- Inti dan Bawaan
- Pustaka
- Dokumentasi
- Pengujian
- Pembangunan
- Windows
- macOS
- IDLE
- C API
- Python 3.10.0 alpha 5
- Keamanan
- Inti dan Bawaan
- Pustaka
- Dokumentasi
- Pengujian
- Pembangunan
- Windows
- macOS
- IDLE
- C API
- Python 3.10.0 alpha 4
- Inti dan Bawaan
- Pustaka
- Dokumentasi
- Pengujian
- Pembangunan
- macOS
- Perkakas/Demo
- C API
- Python 3.10.0 alpha 3
- Keamanan
- Inti dan Bawaan
- Pustaka
- Dokumentasi
- Pengujian
- Pembangunan
- Windows
- macOS
- IDLE
- Perkakas/Demo
- C API
- Python 3.10.0 alpha 2
- Keamanan
- Inti dan Bawaan
- Pustaka
- Dokumentasi
- Pengujian
- Pembangunan
- Windows
- macOS
- IDLE
- C API
- Python 3.10.0 alpha 1
- Keamanan
- Inti dan Bawaan
- Pustaka
- Dokumentasi
- Pengujian
- Pembangunan
- Windows
- macOS
- IDLE
- C API
- Python 3.9.0 beta 1
- Keamanan
- Inti dan Bawaan
- Pustaka
- Dokumentasi
- Pengujian
- Pembangunan
- Windows
- macOS
- Perkakas/Demo
- C API
- Python 3.9.0 alfa 6
- Keamanan
- Inti dan Bawaan
- Pustaka
- Dokumentasi
- Pengujian
- Pembangunan
- Windows
- macOS
- IDLE
- Perkakas/Demo
- C API
- Python 3.9.0 alfa 5
- Keamanan
- Inti dan Bawaan
- Pustaka
- Dokumentasi
- Pengujian
- Pembangunan
- Windows
- macOS
- IDLE
- Perkakas/Demo
- C API
- Python 3.9.0 alfa 4
- Keamanan
- Inti dan Bawaan
- Pustaka
- Dokumentasi
- Pengujian
- Pembangunan
- Windows
- IDLE
- C API
- Python 3.9.0 alfa 3
- Inti dan Bawaan
- Pustaka
- Dokumentasi
- Pembangunan
- IDLE
- C
API
- Python 3.9.0 alfa 2
- Keamanan
- Inti dan Bawaan
- Pustaka
- Dokumentasi
- Pengujian
- Pembangunan
- Windows
- macOS
- IDLE
- C API
- Python 3.9.0 alfa 1
- Keamanan
- Inti dan Bawaan
- Pustaka
- Dokumentasi
- Pengujian
- Pembangunan
- Windows
- macOS
- IDLE
- Perkakas/Demo
- C API
- Python 3.8.0 beta 1
- Keamanan
- Inti dan Bawaan
- Pustaka
- Dokumentasi
- Pengujian
- Pembangunan
- Windows
- macOS
- IDLE
- Perkakas/Demo
- C API
- Python 3.8.0 alfa 4
- Keamanan
- Inti dan Bawaan
- Pustaka
- Dokumentasi
- Pengujian
- Pembangunan
- Windows
- macOS
- IDLE
- Perkakas/Demo
- C API
- Python 3.8.0 alfa 3
- Keamanan
- Inti dan Bawaan
- Pustaka
- Dokumentasi
- Pengujian
- Pembangunan
- Windows
- IDLE
- Perkakas/Demo
- C
API
- Python 3.8.0 alfa 2
- Inti dan Bawaan
- Pustaka
- Dokumentasi
- Pengujian
- Windows
- IDLE
- Python 3.8.0 alfa 1
- Keamanan
- Inti dan Bawaan
- Pustaka
- Dokumentasi
- Pengujian
- Pembangunan
- Windows
- macOS
- IDLE
- Perkakas/Demo
- C API
- Python 3.7.0 final
- Python 3.7.0 kandidat rilis 1
- Inti dan Bawaan
- Pustaka
- Dokumentasi
- Pembangunan
- Windows
- IDLE
- Python 3.7.0 beta 5
- Inti dan Bawaan
- Pustaka
- Dokumentasi
- Pengujian
- Pembangunan
- macOS
- IDLE
- Python 3.7.0 beta 4
- Inti dan Bawaan
- Pustaka
- Dokumentasi
- Pengujian
- Pembangunan
- Windows
- macOS
- IDLE
- Perkakas/Demo
- Python 3.7.0 beta 3
- Keamanan
- Inti dan Bawaan
- Pustaka
- Dokumentasi
- Pengujian
- Pembangunan
- Windows
- macOS
- IDLE
- Perkakas/Demo
- C API
- Python 3.7.0 beta 2
- Keamanan
- Inti dan Bawaan
- Pustaka
- Dokumentasi
- Pengujian
- Pembangunan
- Windows
- macOS
- IDLE
- Perkakas/Demo
- Python 3.7.0 beta 1
- Inti dan Bawaan
- Pustaka
- Dokumentasi
- Pengujian
- Pembangunan
- Windows
- macOS
- C API
- Python 3.7.0 alfa 4
- Inti dan Bawaan
- Pustaka
- Dokumentasi
- Pengujian
- Windows
- Perkakas/Demo
- C API
- Python 3.7.0 alfa 3
- Inti dan Bawaan
- Pustaka
- Dokumentasi
- Pengujian
- Pembangunan
- Windows
- macOS
- IDLE
- Perkakas/Demo
- C API
- Python 3.7.0 alfa 2
- Inti dan Bawaan
- Pustaka
- Dokumentasi
- Pembangunan
- IDLE
- C
API
- Python 3.7.0 alfa 1
- Keamanan
- Inti dan Bawaan
- Pustaka
- Dokumentasi
- Pengujian
- Pembangunan
- Windows
- IDLE
- Perkakas/Demo
- C API
- Python 3.6.6 final
- Python 3.6.6 kandidat rilis 1
- Inti dan Bawaan
- Pustaka
- Dokumentasi
- Pengujian
- Pembangunan
- Windows
- macOS
- IDLE
- Perkakas/Demo
- C API
- Python 3.6.5 final
- Python 3.6.5 kandidat rilis 1
- Keamanan
- Inti dan Bawaan
- Pustaka
- Dokumentasi
- Pengujian
- Pembangunan
- Windows
- macOS
- IDLE
- Perkakas/Demo
- C API
- Python 3.6.4 final
- Python 3.6.4 kandidat rilis 1
- Inti dan Bawaan
- Pustaka
- Dokumentasi
- Pengujian
- Pembangunan
- Windows
- macOS
- IDLE
- Perkakas/Demo
- C API
- Python 3.6.3 final
- Python 3.6.3 kandidat rilis 1
- Keamanan
- Inti dan Bawaan
- Pustaka
- Dokumentasi
- Pengujian
- Pembangunan
- Windows
- IDLE
- Perkakas/Demo
- Python 3.6.2 final
- Python 3.6.2 kandidat rilis 2
- Python 3.6.2 kandidat rilis 1
- Keamanan
- Inti dan Bawaan
- Pustaka
- IDLE
- C API
- Pembangunan
- Dokumentasi
- Perkakas/Demo
- Pengujian
- Windows
- Python 3.6.1 final
- Inti dan Bawaan
- Pembangunan
- Python 3.6.1 kandidat rilis 1
- Inti dan Bawaan
- Pustaka
- IDLE
- Windows
- C API
- Dokumentasi
- Pengujian
- Pembangunan
- Python 3.6.0 final
- Python 3.6.0 kandidat rilis 2
- Inti dan Bawaan
- Perkakas/Demo
- Windows
- Pembangunan
- Python 3.6.0 kandidat rilis 1
- Inti dan Bawaan
- Pustaka
- C API
- Dokumentasi
- Perkakas/Demo
- Python 3.6.0 beta 4
- Inti dan Bawaan
- Pustaka
- Dokumentasi
- Pengujian
- Pembangunan
- Python 3.6.0 beta 3
- Inti dan Bawaan
- Pustaka
- Windows
- Pembangunan
- Pengujian
- Python 3.6.0 beta 2
- Inti dan Bawaan
- Pustaka
- Windows
- C API
- Pembangunan
- Pengujian
- Python 3.6.0 beta 1
- Inti dan Bawaan
- Pustaka
- IDLE
- C API
- Pengujian
- Pembangunan
- Perkakas/Demo
- Windows
- Python 3.6.0 alfa 4
- Inti dan Bawaan
- Pustaka
- IDLE
- Pengujian
- Windows
- Pembangunan
- Python 3.6.0 alfa 3
- Keamanan
- Inti dan Bawaan
- Pustaka
- IDLE
- C API
- Pembangunan
- Perkakas/Demo
- Dokumentasi
- Pengujian
- Python 3.6.0 alfa 2
- Keamanan
- Inti dan Bawaan
- Pustaka
- IDLE
- Dokumentasi
- Pengujian
- Windows
- Pembangunan
- C
API
- Perkakas/Demo
- Python 3.6.0 alfa 1
- Keamanan
- Inti dan Bawaan
- Pustaka
- IDLE
- Dokumentasi
- Pengujian
- Pembangunan
- Windows
- Perkakas/Demo
- C API
- Python 3.5.5 final
- Python 3.5.5 kandidat rilis 1
- Keamanan
- Inti dan Bawaan
- Pustaka
- Python 3.5.4 final
- Python 3.5.4 kandidat rilis 1
- Keamanan
- Inti dan Bawaan
- Pustaka
- Dokumentasi
- Pengujian
- Pembangunan
- Windows
- C API
- Python 3.5.3 final
- Python 3.5.3 kandidat rilis 1
- Keamanan
- Inti dan Bawaan
- Pustaka
- IDLE
- C API
- Dokumentasi
- Pengujian
- Perkakas/Demo
- Windows
- Pembangunan
- Python 3.5.2 final
- Inti dan Bawaan
- Pengujian
- IDLE
- Python 3.5.2 kandidat rilis 1
- Keamanan
- Inti dan Bawaan
- Pustaka
- IDLE
- Dokumentasi
- Pengujian
- Pembangunan
- Windows
- Perkakas/Demo
- Python 3.5.1 final
- Python 3.5.1 kandidat rilis 1
- Inti dan Bawaan
- Pustaka
- IDLE
- Dokumentasi
- Pengujian
- Pembangunan
- Windows
- Perkakas/Demo
- Python 3.5.0 final
- Python 3.5.0 kandidat rilis 4
- Python 3.5.0 kandidat rilis 3
- Python 3.5.0 kandidat rilis 2
- Python 3.5.0 kandidat rilis 1
- Inti dan Bawaan
- Pustaka
- IDLE
- Dokumentasi
- Pengujian
- Python 3.5.0 beta 4
- Inti dan Bawaan
- Pustaka
- Pembangunan
- Python 3.5.0 beta 3
- Inti dan Bawaan
- Pustaka
- Pengujian
- Dokumentasi
- Pembangunan
- Python 3.5.0 beta 2
- Python 3.5.0 beta 1
- Inti dan Bawaan
- Pustaka
- IDLE
- Pengujian
- Dokumentasi
- Perkakas/Demo
- Python 3.5.0 alfa 4
- Inti dan Bawaan
- Pustaka
- Pembangunan
- Pengujian
- Perkakas/Demo
- C
API
- Python 3.5.0 alfa 3
- Inti dan Bawaan
- Pustaka
- Pembangunan
- Pengujian
- Perkakas/Demo
- Python 3.5.0 alfa 2
- Inti dan Bawaan
- Pustaka
- Pembangunan
- C API
- Windows
- Python 3.5.0 alfa 1
- Inti dan Bawaan
- Pustaka
- IDLE
- Pembangunan
- C API
- Dokumentasi
- Pengujian
- Perkakas/Demo
- Windows
- Tutorial Python
- 1. Membangkitkan Selera Anda
- 2. Menggunakan Interpreter Python
- 2.1. Memanggil Interpreter
- 2.1.1. Melewatkan Argumen
- 2.1.2. Mode
Interaktif
- 2.2. Interpreter dan Lingkungannya
- 2.2.1. Encoding Penulisan Kode Sumber
- 3. Pengantar Informal Tentang Python
- 3.1. Menggunakan Python sebagai Kalkulator
- 3.1.1. Angka
- 3.1.2. String
- 3.1.3. List
- 3.2. Langkah Awal Menuju Pemrograman
- 4. Lebih Banyak Alat Pengatur Aliran Control Flow
- 4.1. Pernyataan
if - 4.2. Pernyataan
for - 4.3. Fungsi
range[] - 4.4. Pernyataan
break dan continue, dan else Klausa pada Perulangan Loops - 4.5. Pernyataan
pass - 4.6.
match Statements - 4.7. Mendefinisikan Fungsi
- 4.8. Lebih lanjut tentang Mendefinisikan Fungsi
- 4.8.1. Nilai Argumen Bawaan
- 4.8.2. Argumen Kata Kunci Keyword Arguments
- 4.8.3. Parameter spesial
- 4.8.3.1. Argumen Posisi-atau-Kata Kunci
- 4.8.3.2. Parameter Posisi-saja
- 4.8.3.3. Argumen Kata Kunci-saja
- 4.8.3.4. Contoh Fungsi
- 4.8.3.5. Rekap
- 4.8.4. Daftar Argumen Berubah-ubah Arbitrary
- 4.8.5. Pembukaan Paket Unpacking Daftar Argumen
- 4.8.6. Ekspresi Lambda
- 4.8.7. String Dokumentasi
- 4.8.8. Anotasi Fungsi
- 4.9. Intermezzo: Gaya Coding
- 5. Struktur Data
- 5.1. Lebih Lanjut tentang Daftar Lists
- 5.1.1. Menggunakan Daftar Lists sebagai Tumpukan Stacks
- 5.1.2. Menggunakan Daftar Lists sebagai Antrian Queues
- 5.1.3. Daftar List Comprehensions
- 5.1.4. Pemahaman Daftar List
Comprehensions Bersarang
- 5.2. Pernyataan
del - 5.3. Tuples and Urutan Sequences
- 5.4. Himpunan Set
- 5.5. Kamus Dictionaries
- 5.6. Teknik Perulangan
- 5.7. Lebih lanjut tentang Kondisi
- 5.8. Membandingkan Urutan Sequences dan Jenis Lainnya
- 6. Modul-Modul
- 6.1. Lebih lanjut tentang Modul
- 6.1.1. Mengoperasikan modul sebagai skrip
- 6.1.2. Jalur Pencarian Modul
- 6.1.3. Berkas Python "Compiled"
- 6.2. Modul Standar
- 6.3. Fungsi
dir[] - 6.4. Paket
- 6.4.1. Mengimpor * Dari Paket
- 6.4.2. Referensi Intra-paket
- 6.4.3. Paket di Beberapa Direktori
- 7. Masukan dan Keluaran
- 7.1. Pemformatan Keluaran yang Lebih Menarik
- 7.1.1. Literal String Terformat
- 7.1.2. Metode String format[]
- 7.1.3. Pemformatan String Manual
- 7.1.4. Pemformatan string lama
- 7.2. Membaca dan Menulis Berkas
- 7.2.1. Metode Objek Berkas
- 7.2.2. Menyimpan data terstruktur dengan
json
- 8. Kesalahan errors dan Pengecualian exceptions
- 8.1. Kesalahan Sintaksis
- 8.2. Pengecualian
- 8.3. Menangani Pengecualian
- 8.4. Memunculkan Pengecualian
- 8.5. Exception Chaining
- 8.6. Pengecualian yang Ditentukan Pengguna
- 8.7. Mendefinisikan Tindakan Pembersihan
- 8.8. Tindakan Pembersihan yang Sudah Ditentukan
- 9. Classes
- 9.1. Sepatah Kata Tentang Nama dan Objek
- 9.2. Lingkup Python dan Namespaces
- 9.2.1. Contoh Lingkup Scopes dan Ruang Nama Namespaces
- 9.3. Pandangan Pertama tentang Kelas
- 9.3.1. Sintaks Definisi Kelas
- 9.3.2. Objek Kelas Class Objects
- 9.3.3. Objek Instance
- 9.3.4. Metode Objek
- 9.3.5. Variabel Kelas dan Instance
- 9.4. Keterangan Acak
- 9.5.
Pewarisan
- 9.5.1. Pewarisan Berganda
- 9.6. Variabel Privat
- 9.7. Barang Sisa Odds and Ends
- 9.8. Iterators
- 9.9. Pembangkit Generator
- 9.10. Ekspresi Pembangkit Generator
- 10. Tur Singkat
Pustaka Standar
- 10.1. Antarmuka Sistem Operasi
- 10.2. Berkas Wildcard
- 10.3. Baris Perintah Berargumen
- 10.4. Pengalihan Output Kesalahan dan Pengakhiran Program
- 10.5. Pencocokan Pola String
- 10.6. Matematika
- 10.7. Akses internet
- 10.8. Tanggal dan Waktu
- 10.9. Kompresi Data
- 10.10. Pengukuran Kinerja
- 10.11. Kontrol kualitas
- 10.12. Dilengkapi Baterai
- 11. Tur Singkat Pustaka Standar --- Bagian II
- 11.1.
Pemformatan Output
- 11.2. Templating
- 11.3. Bekerja dengan Tata Letak Rekam Data Biner
- 11.4. Multi-threading
- 11.5. Pencatatan
- 11.6. Referensi yang Lemah
- 11.7. Alat untuk Bekerja dengan Daftar Lists
- 11.8. Aritmatika Pecahan Floating Point Desimal
- 12. Lingkungan dan Paket Virtual
- 12.1. Pengantar
- 12.2. Menciptakan Lingkungan Virtual
- 12.3. Mengelola Paket dengan pip
- 13. Lalu apa sekarang?
- 14.
Pengeditan Input Interaktif dan Penggantian Riwayat
- 14.1. Pelengkapan Tab dan Pengeditan Riwayat
- 14.2. Alternatif untuk Interpreter Interaktif
- 15. Aritmatika Pecahan Floating Point: Masalah dan Keterbatasan
- 15.1. Kesalahan Representasi
- 16. Lampiran
- 16.1. Mode Interaktif
- 16.1.1. Penanganan Kesalahan
- 16.1.2. Skrip Python Yang Dapat Dieksekusi
- 16.1.3. Berkas Permulaan Interaktif
- 16.1.4. Modul Ubahsuaian
- Pengaturan dan Penggunaan Python
- 1. Baris perintah dan lingkungan
- 1.1. Baris perintah
- 1.1.1. Opsi antarmuka
- 1.1.2. Opsi umum
- 1.1.3. Opsi lain-lain
- 1.1.4. Opsi yang tidak boleh Anda gunakan
- 1.2. Variabel lingkungan
- 1.2.1. Variabel mode debug
- 2. Using Python on Unix platforms
- 2.1. Getting and installing the latest version of Python
- 2.1.1. On Linux
- 2.1.2. On FreeBSD and OpenBSD
- 2.1.3. On OpenSolaris
- 2.2. Building Python
- 2.3. Python-related paths and files
- 2.4. Miscellaneous
- 2.5. Custom OpenSSL
- 3. Configure Python
- 3.1. Configure Options
- 3.1.1. General Options
- 3.1.2. Install Options
- 3.1.3. Performance options
- 3.1.4. Python Debug Build
- 3.1.5. Debug options
- 3.1.6. Linker options
- 3.1.7. Libraries options
- 3.1.8. Security Options
- 3.1.9. macOS Options
- 3.2. Python Build System
- 3.2.1.
Main files of the build system
- 3.2.2. Main build steps
- 3.2.3. Main Makefile targets
- 3.2.4. C extensions
- 3.3. Compiler and linker flags
- 3.3.1. Preprocessor flags
- 3.3.2. Compiler flags
- 3.3.3. Linker
flags
- 4. Menggunakan Python di Windows
- 4.1. Installer utuh
- 4.1.1. Langkah instalasi
- 4.1.2. Menghapus batasan MAX_PATH
- 4.1.3. Melakukan instalasi tanpa UI
- 4.1.4. Instalasi Tanpa Mengunduh
- 4.1.5. Memodifikasi suatu instalasi
- 4.2. The Microsoft Store package
- 4.2.1. Known issues
- 4.2.1.1. Redirection of local data, registry, and temporary paths
- 4.3. Paket-paket nuget.org
- 4.4. The embeddable package
- 4.4.1. Aplikasi Python
- 4.4.2. Embedding Python
- 4.5. Alternative bundles
- 4.6. Mengonfigurasi
Python
- 4.6.1. Excursus: Setting environment variables
- 4.6.2. Menemukan aplikasi Python
- 4.7. mode UTF-8
- 4.8. Python Launcher for Windows
- 4.8.1. Memulai
- 4.8.1.1. Dari baris-perintah
- 4.8.1.2. Lingkungan
virtual
- 4.8.1.3. Dari sebuah skrip
- 4.8.1.4. From file associations
- 4.8.2. Shebang Lines
- 4.8.3. Arguments in shebang lines
- 4.8.4. Penyesuaian
- 4.8.4.1. Customization via INI files
- 4.8.4.2. Customizing default Python versions
- 4.8.5. Diagnostik
- 4.9. Mencari modul-modul
- 4.10. Modul-modul tambahan
- 4.10.1. PyWin32
- 4.10.2. cx_Freeze
- 4.11. Kompilasi Python di Windows
- 4.12. Platform lain
- 5. Using Python on a Mac
- 5.1. Getting and Installing MacPython
- 5.1.1. How to run a
Python script
- 5.1.2. Running scripts with a GUI
- 5.1.3. Configuration
- 5.2. The IDE
- 5.3.
Installing Additional Python Packages
- 5.4. GUI Programming on the Mac
- 5.5. Distributing Python Applications on the Mac
- 5.6. Other Resources
- 6. Editor dan IDE
- Referensi Bahasa Python
- 1. Pengenalan
- 1.1. Implementasi Alternatif
- 1.2. Notasi
- 2. Lexical analysis
- 2.1. Line structure
- 2.1.1. Logical lines
- 2.1.2. Physical lines
- 2.1.3. Comments
- 2.1.4. Encoding declarations
- 2.1.5. Explicit line joining
- 2.1.6. Implicit line joining
- 2.1.7. Blank lines
- 2.1.8. Indentation
- 2.1.9. Whitespace between tokens
- 2.2. Other tokens
- 2.3. Identifiers and keywords
- 2.3.1. Keywords
- 2.3.2. Soft Keywords
- 2.3.3. Reserved classes of identifiers
- 2.4. Literals
- 2.4.1. String and Bytes literals
- 2.4.2. String literal concatenation
- 2.4.3. Formatted string literals
- 2.4.4. Numeric literals
- 2.4.5. Integer literals
- 2.4.6. Floating point literals
- 2.4.7. Imaginary literals
- 2.5. Operators
- 2.6. Delimiters
- 3. Data model
- 3.1. Objects, values and types
- 3.2. The standard type hierarchy
- 3.3. Special method names
- 3.3.1. Basic customization
- 3.3.2. Customizing attribute access
- 3.3.2.1. Customizing module attribute access
- 3.3.2.2. Implementing Descriptors
- 3.3.2.3. Invoking Descriptors
- 3.3.2.4. __slots__
- 3.3.2.4.1. Notes on using __slots__
- 3.3.3. Customizing class creation
- 3.3.3.1. Metaclasses
- 3.3.3.2. Resolving MRO entries
- 3.3.3.3. Determining the appropriate metaclass
- 3.3.3.4. Preparing the class namespace
- 3.3.3.5. Executing the class body
- 3.3.3.6. Creating the class object
- 3.3.3.7. Uses for metaclasses
- 3.3.4. Customizing instance and subclass checks
- 3.3.5. Emulating generic types
- 3.3.5.1. The purpose of __class_getitem__
- 3.3.5.2. __class_getitem__ versus __getitem__
- 3.3.6. Emulating callable objects
- 3.3.7. Emulating container types
- 3.3.8. Emulating numeric types
- 3.3.9. With Statement Context Managers
- 3.3.10. Customizing positional arguments in class pattern matching
- 3.3.11. Special method
lookup
- 3.4. Coroutines
- 3.4.1. Awaitable Objects
- 3.4.2. Objek Coroutine
- 3.4.3. Asynchronous Iterators
- 3.4.4. Asynchronous Context Managers
- 4. Execution model
- 4.1. Structure of a program
- 4.2. Naming and binding
- 4.2.1. Binding of names
- 4.2.2. Resolution of names
- 4.2.3. Builtins and restricted execution
- 4.2.4. Interaction with dynamic features
- 4.3. Pengecualian
- 5. The import system
- 5.1.
importlib - 5.2. Paket
- 5.2.1. Regular packages
- 5.2.2. Namespace packages
- 5.3. Searching
- 5.3.1. The module cache
- 5.3.2. Finders and loaders
- 5.3.3. Import hooks
- 5.3.4. The meta path
- 5.4. Loading
- 5.4.1. Loaders
- 5.4.2. Submodules
- 5.4.3. Module spec
- 5.4.4. Import-related module attributes
- 5.4.5. module.__path__
- 5.4.6. Module reprs
- 5.4.7. Cached bytecode invalidation
- 5.5.
The Path Based Finder
- 5.5.1. Path entry finders
- 5.5.2. Path entry finder protocol
- 5.6. Replacing the standard import system
- 5.7. Package Relative Imports
- 5.8. Special considerations for __main__
- 5.9. References
- 6. Expressions
- 6.1. Arithmetic conversions
- 6.2. Atoms
- 6.2.1. Identifiers [Names]
- 6.2.2. Literals
- 6.2.3. Parenthesized forms
- 6.2.4. Displays for lists, sets and dictionaries
- 6.2.5. List displays
- 6.2.6. Set displays
- 6.2.7. Dictionary displays
- 6.2.8. Generator expressions
- 6.2.9. Yield expressions
- 6.2.9.1. Generator-iterator methods
- 6.2.9.2. Contoh-contoh
- 6.2.9.3. Asynchronous generator functions
- 6.2.9.4. Asynchronous generator-iterator methods
- 6.3. Primaries
- 6.3.1. Attribute references
- 6.3.2. Subscriptions
- 6.3.3. Slicings
- 6.3.4. Calls
- 6.4. Await expression
- 6.5. The power operator
- 6.6. Unary arithmetic and bitwise operations
- 6.7. Binary arithmetic operations
- 6.8. Shifting operations
- 6.9. Binary bitwise operations
- 6.10. Perbandingan
- 6.10.1. Value comparisons
- 6.10.2. Membership test operations
- 6.10.3. Identity comparisons
- 6.11. Boolean operations
- 6.12. Ekspresi Pemberian Nilai
- 6.13. Conditional expressions
- 6.14. Lambdas
- 6.15. Expression lists
- 6.16. Evaluation order
- 6.17. Operator
precedence
- 7. Simple statements
- 7.1. Expression statements
- 7.2. Assignment statements
- 7.2.1. Augmented assignment statements
- 7.2.2. Annotated assignment statements
- 7.3. The
assert statement - 7.4. Pernyataan
pass - 7.5. Pernyataan
del - 7.6. The
return statement - 7.7. The
yield statement - 7.8. The
raise statement - 7.9. The
break statement - 7.10. The
continue statement - 7.11. The
import statement- 7.11.1. Future statements
- 7.12. The
global statement - 7.13. The
nonlocal statement
- 8. Pernyataan gabungan
- 8.1. Pernyataan
if - 8.2. Pernyataan
while - 8.3. Pernyataan
for - 8.4. Pernyataan
try - 8.5. Pernyataan
with - 8.6. The
match statement- 8.6.1. Overview
- 8.6.2. Guards
- 8.6.3. Irrefutable Case Blocks
- 8.6.4. Patterns
- 8.6.4.1. OR Patterns
- 8.6.4.2. AS Patterns
- 8.6.4.3. Literal Patterns
- 8.6.4.4.
Capture Patterns
- 8.6.4.5. Wildcard Patterns
- 8.6.4.6. Value Patterns
- 8.6.4.7. Group Patterns
- 8.6.4.8. Sequence Patterns
- 8.6.4.9. Mapping Patterns
- 8.6.4.10. Class Patterns
- 8.7. Definisi fungsi
- 8.8. Definisi Kelas
- 8.9. Coroutines
- 8.9.1. Definisi fungsi coroutines
- 8.9.2. Pernyataan
async for - 8.9.3. Pernyataan
async with
- 9. Komponen tingkat atas
- 9.1. Program Python lengkap
- 9.2. Masukan dari Berkas
- 9.3. Masukan interaktif
- 9.4. Masukan ekspresi
- 10. Spesifikasi Lengkap Tata Bahasa
- Pustaka
Standar Python
- Pengenalan
- Catatan tentang ketersediaan
- Fungsi Bawaan
- Konstanta Bawaan
- Konstanta yang ditambahkan oleh modul
site
- Tipe Bawaan
- Pengujian Kebenaran Nilai
- Operasi Boolean ---
and, or, not - Perbandingan
- Numeric Types ---
int, float, complex- Bitwise Operations on Integer Types
- Additional Methods on Integer Types
- Additional Methods on Float
- Hashing of numeric types
- Iterator Types
- Sequence
Types ---
list, tuple, range- Common Sequence Operations
- Immutable Sequence Types
- Mutable Sequence Types
- List
- Tuples
- Ranges
- Text Sequence Type ---
str- String Methods
printf-style String Formatting
- Binary Sequence Types ---
bytes, bytearray, memoryview- Bytes Objects
- Bytearray Objects
- Bytes and Bytearray Operations
printf-style
Bytes Formatting- Memory Views
- Set Types ---
set, frozenset - Mapping Types ---
dict - Context Manager Types
- Type Annotation Types --- Generic Alias, Union
- Generic Alias Type
- Standard Generic Classes
- Special Attributes of
GenericAlias objects
- Union Type
- Other Built-in Types
- Modul-Modul
- Classes and Class Instances
- Fungsi-Fungsi
- Metode-Metode
- Objek Kode
- Objek Tipe
- The Null Object
- The Ellipsis Object
- The NotImplemented Object
- Nilai Boolean
- Internal Objects
- Atribut Spesial
- Integer string conversion length limitation
- Affected APIs
- Configuring the limit
- Recommended configuration
- Built-in Exceptions
- Exception context
- Inheriting from built-in exceptions
- Base classes
- Concrete exceptions
- Peringatan
- Exception hierarchy
- Layanan Pemrosesan Teks
string --- Operasi umum pada string.- Konstanta pada string
- Custom String Formatting
- Format String Syntax
- Format Specification Mini-Language
- Format examples
- Template strings
- Helper functions
re --- Regular expression operations- Regular Expression Syntax
- Modul-Modul
- Regular Expression Objects
- Match Objects
- Regular Expression Examples
- Checking for a Pair
- Simulating scanf[]
- search[] vs. match[]
- Making a Phonebook
- Text Munging
- Finding all Adverbs
- Finding all Adverbs and their Positions
- Raw String Notation
- Writing a Tokenizer
difflib
--- Helpers for computing deltas- SequenceMatcher Objects
- SequenceMatcher Examples
- Differ Objects
- Differ Example
- A command-line interface to difflib
textwrap --- Text wrapping and fillingunicodedata ---
Unicode Databasestringprep --- Internet String Preparationreadline --- GNU readline interface- Init file
- Line buffer
- History file
- History list
- Startup hooks
- Completion
- Contoh
rlcompleter --- Completion function for GNU readline
- Servis Data Binary
struct --- Interpret bytes as packed binary data- Functions and Exceptions
- Format Strings
- Byte Order, Size,
and Alignment
- Format Characters
- Contoh-contoh
- Kelas-kelas
codecs --- Codec registry and base classes
- Codec Base Classes
- Penangan Kesalahan
- Stateless Encoding and Decoding
- Incremental Encoding and Decoding
- IncrementalEncoder Objects
- IncrementalDecoder Objects
- Stream Encoding and Decoding
- Objek StreamWriter
- Objek StreamReader
- Objek
StreamReaderWriter
- Objek StreamRecoder
- Encodings and Unicode
- Standard Encodings
- Python Specific Encodings
- Text Encodings
- Binary Transforms
- Text Transforms
encodings.idna --- Internationalized Domain Names in Applicationsencodings.mbcs --- Windows ANSI codepageencodings.utf_8_sig --- UTF-8 codec with BOM signature
- Tipe Data
datetime --- Basic date and time types- Aware and Naive Objects
- Konstanta
- Available Types
- Common Properties
- Determining if an Object is Aware or Naive
timedelta Objects- Examples of usage:
timedelta
date Objectsdatetime Objects- Examples of Usage:
datetime
time Objectstzinfo Objectstimezone Objectsstrftime[] and
strptime[] Behaviorstrftime[] and strptime[] Format Codes- Technical Detail
zoneinfo --- IANA time zone support- Using
ZoneInfo - Data sources
- Configuring the data sources
- Compile-time configuration
- Environment configuration
- Runtime configuration
- The
ZoneInfo class- String representations
- Pickle serialization
- Functions
- Globals
- Exceptions and warnings
calendar --- Fungsi-fungsi umum yang terkait dengan modul calendarcollections --- Container datatypes- objek
ChainMapChainMap Examples and Recipes
- objek
Counter - objek
deque - objek
defaultdict namedtuple[] Factory Function for Tuples with Named Fields- objek
OrderedDictOrderedDict Examples and Recipes
- objek
UserDict - objek
UserList - objek
UserString
collections.abc --- Abstract Base Classes for
Containers- Collections Abstract Base Classes
- Collections Abstract Base Classes -- Detailed Descriptions
- Examples and Recipes
heapq --- Heap queue algorithm- Basic Examples
- Priority Queue
Implementation Notes
- Theory
bisect --- Array bisection algorithm- Performance Notes
- Searching Sorted
Lists
- Examples
array --- Efficient arrays of numeric valuesweakref --- Weak references- Weak Reference Objects
- Contoh
- Finalizer Objects
- Comparing finalizers with
__del__[] methods
types --- Dynamic
type creation and names for built-in types- Dynamic Type Creation
- Standard Interpreter Types
- Additional Utility Classes and Functions
- Coroutine Utility Functions
copy --- Operasi shallow copy dan deep copypprint --- Data pretty printer- PrettyPrinter
Objects
- Contoh
reprlib --- Alternate repr[] implementation- Repr Objects
- Subclassing Repr Objects
enum --- Support for enumerations- Modul-Modul
- Creating an Enum
- Programmatic access to enumeration members and their attributes
- Duplicating enum members and values
- Ensuring unique enumeration
values
- Using automatic values
- Iteration
- Perbandingan
- Allowed members and
attributes of enumerations
- Restricted Enum subclassing
- Pickling
- Functional API
- Derived
Enumerations
- IntEnum
- IntFlag
- Penanda
- Others
- When to use
__new__[] vs. __init__[] - Interesting examples
- Omitting values
- Using
auto - Using
object - Using a descriptive string
- Using a custom
__new__[]
- OrderedEnum
- DuplicateFreeEnum
- Planet
- TimePeriod
- How are Enums different?
- Enum Classes
- Enum Members [aka instances]
- Finer Points
- Supported
__dunder__ names - Supported
_sunder_ names - _Private__names
Enum member type- Boolean value of
Enum classes and
members Enum classes with methods- Combining members of
Flag
graphlib --- Functionality to operate with graph-like structures
- Modul Numerik dan Matematika
numbers --- Numeric abstract base classes- The numeric tower
- Notes for type implementors
- Adding More Numeric ABCs
- Implementing the arithmetic operations
math --- Mathematical functions- Number-theoretic and representation functions
- Power and logarithmic functions
- Trigonometric functions
- Angular conversion
- Hyperbolic functions
- Special functions
- Konstanta
cmath --- Mathematical functions for complex numbers- Conversions to and from polar coordinates
- Power and logarithmic functions
- Trigonometric functions
- Hyperbolic functions
- Classification functions
- Konstanta
decimal --- Decimal fixed point and floating point arithmetic- Quick-start
Tutorial
- Decimal objects
- Context objects
- Konstanta
- Rounding modes
- Signals
- Floating Point Notes
- Mitigating round-off error with
increased precision
- Special values
- Working with threads
- Recipes
- Decimal FAQ
fractions --- Rational numbersrandom --- Generate pseudo-random numbers- Bookkeeping functions
- Functions for bytes
- Functions for integers
- Functions for sequences
- Real-valued distributions
- Alternative
Generator
- Notes on Reproducibility
- Contoh-contoh
- Recipes
statistics --- Mathematical statistics
functions
- Averages and measures of central location
- Measures of spread
- Statistics for relations between two inputs
- Function details
- Pengecualian
NormalDist objectsNormalDist Examples and Recipes
- Modul Pemrograman Fungsional
itertools --- Functions creating iterators for efficient looping- Itertool functions
- Itertools Recipes
functools --- Higher-order functions and operations on callable objectsoperator
--- Standard operators as functions- Mapping Operators to Functions
- In-place Operators
- File and Directory Access
pathlib --- Object-oriented filesystem paths- Penggunaan dasar
- Pure paths
- General properties
- Operators
- Accessing individual parts
- Methods and properties
- Concrete paths
- Correspondence to tools in the
os module
os.path --- Common pathname manipulationsfileinput --- Iterate over lines from multiple input streamsstat --- Interpreting stat[] resultsfilecmp --- File and Directory Comparisonstempfile --- Generate temporary files and directories- Contoh-contoh
- Deprecated
functions and variables
glob --- Ekspansi pola nama jalur bergaya Unixfnmatch --- Unix filename pattern matchinglinecache --- Random access to text linesshutil --- High-level file operations- Directory and files operations
- Platform-dependent efficient copy operations
- copytree example
- rmtree example
- Archiving operations
- Archiving example
- Archiving example with base_dir
- Querying the size of the output terminal
- Persistensi Data
pickle --- Python object serialization- Relationship to other Python modules
- Comparison with
marshal - Comparison with
json
- Data stream format
- Module Interface
- What can be
pickled and unpickled?
- Pickling Class Instances
- Persistence of External Objects
- Dispatch Tables
- Handling Stateful Objects
- Custom Reduction for Types, Functions, and Other Objects
- Out-of-band Buffers
- Provider API
- Consumer API
- Contoh
- Restricting Globals
- Performa
- Contoh-contoh
copyreg --- Register pickle support functionsshelve --- Python object persistencemarshal --- Internal Python object serializationdbm --- Interfaces to Unix "databases"dbm.gnu --- GNU's reinterpretation of dbmdbm.ndbm --- Interface based on ndbmdbm.dumb --- Portable
DBM implementation
sqlite3 --- DB-API 2.0 antarmuka untuk basisdata SQLite- Tutorial
- Reference
- Module
functions
- Module constants
- Connection objects
- Cursor objects
- Row objects
- PrepareProtocol objects
- Pengecualian
- SQLite dan tipe Python
- Default adapters and
converters
- How-to guides
- How to use placeholders to bind values in SQL queries
- How to adapt custom Python types to
SQLite values
- How to write adaptable objects
- How to register adapter callables
- How to convert SQLite values to custom
Python types
- Adapter and converter recipes
- How to use connection shortcut methods
- How to use the connection context manager
- How to work with SQLite URIs
- Explanation
- Kompresi Data dan Pengarsipan
zlib --- Compression compatible with gzipgzip --- Support for gzip files- Examples of
usage
- Command Line Interface
bz2 --- Support for bzip2 compression- [De]compression of files
- Incremental [de]compression
- One-shot [de]compression
- Examples of
usage
lzma --- Compression using the LZMA algorithm- Reading and writing compressed files
- Compressing and decompressing data in memory
- Miscellaneous
- Specifying custom filter chains
- Contoh-contoh
zipfile --- Work with ZIP archives- Objek ZipFile
- Objek Jalur, Path
- Objek PyZipFile
- Objek ZipInfo
- Command-Line Interface
- Decompression pitfalls
- From file
itself
- File System limitations
- Resources limitations
- Interupsi
- Default behaviors of extraction
tarfile --- Read and write tar archive files- Objek TarFile
- Objek TarInfo
- Command-Line Interface
- Contoh-contoh
- Supported tar formats
- Unicode issues
- File Formats
csv --- Baca dan Tulis file CSV- Modul-Modul
- Dialek dan Parameter Pemformatan
- Reader Objects
- Writer Objects
- Contoh-contoh
configparser --- Configuration file parser- Quick Start
- Supported Datatypes
- Fallback Values
- Supported INI File Structure
- Interpolation of values
- Mapping Protocol Access
- Customizing Parser Behaviour
- Legacy API Examples
- ConfigParser Objects
- RawConfigParser Objects
- Pengecualian
netrc --- netrc file
processing
plistlib --- Generate and parse Apple .plist files
- Layanan Kriptografi
hashlib --- Secure hashes and message digests- Hash algorithms
- SHAKE variable length digests
- Key derivation
- BLAKE2
- Creating hash objects
- Konstanta
- Contoh-contoh
- Simple hashing
- Using different digest sizes
- Keyed hashing
- Randomized hashing
- Personalization
- Tree mode
- Credits
hmac --- Keyed-Hashing for Message Authenticationsecrets --- Generate secure random numbers for managing secrets- Random numbers
- Generating tokens
- How many
bytes should tokens use?
- Other functions
- Recipes and best practices
- Layanan Sistem Operasi Generik
os --- Miscellaneous operating system interfaces- Nama Berkas, Argumen Command Line, dan Variabel Lingkungan
- Python UTF-8 Mode
- Process Parameters
- Pembuatan Objek Berkas
- File Descriptor Operations
- Querying the size of a
terminal
- Inheritance of File Descriptors
- Files and Directories
- Linux extended attributes
- Process Management
- Interface to the scheduler
- Miscellaneous System Information
- Random numbers
io --- Core tools for working with streams- Overview
- Text I/O
- Binary I/O
- Raw I/O
- Text Encoding
- High-level Module Interface
- Class hierarchy
- I/O Base Classes
- Raw File I/O
- Buffered Streams
- Text I/O
- Performa
- Binary I/O
- Text I/O
- Multi-threading
- Reentrancy
time --- Akses waktu dan konversi- Fungsi-Fungsi
- Clock ID Constants
- Timezone Constants
argparse --- Parser for command-line options, arguments and sub-commands- Contoh
- Membuat sebuah
pengurai
- Menambahkan argumen-argumen
- Mengurai argumen
- Objek ArgumentParser
- prog
- penggunaan
- deskripsi
- epilog
- parents
- formatter_class
- prefix_chars
- fromfile_prefix_chars
- argument_default
- allow_abbrev
- conflict_handler
- add_help
- exit_on_error
- Metode add_argument[]
- name or flags
- aksi
- nargs
- const
- bawaan
- tipe
- pilihan
- required
- help
- metavar
- dest
- Action classes
- The parse_args[] method
- Option value syntax
- Invalid arguments
- Arguments containing
- - Argument abbreviations [prefix matching]
- Beyond
sys.argv - The Namespace object
- Other utilities
- Sub-commands
- FileType objects
- Argument groups
- Mutual exclusion
- Parser defaults
- Printing help
- Partial parsing
- Customizing file parsing
- Exiting methods
- Intermixed parsing
- Upgrading
optparse code
getopt --- C-style parser for command line optionslogging --- Logging facility for Python- Logger Objects
- Logging Levels
- Handler Objects
- Formatter Objects
- Filter Objects
- LogRecord Objects
- LogRecord attributes
- LoggerAdapter Objects
- Thread Safety
- Module-Level Functions
- Module-Level Attributes
- Integration with the warnings module
logging.config --- Logging configuration- Configuration functions
- Security considerations
- Configuration dictionary schema
- Dictionary Schema Details
- Incremental Configuration
- Object connections
- User-defined objects
- Access to external objects
- Access to internal objects
- Import resolution and custom importers
- Configuration file format
logging.handlers --- Logging handlers- StreamHandler
- FileHandler
- NullHandler
- WatchedFileHandler
- BaseRotatingHandler
- RotatingFileHandler
- TimedRotatingFileHandler
- SocketHandler
- DatagramHandler
- SysLogHandler
- NTEventLogHandler
- SMTPHandler
- MemoryHandler
- HTTPHandler
- QueueHandler
- QueueListener
getpass --- Portable password inputcurses --- Terminal handling for character-cell displays- Fungsi-Fungsi
- Objek Window
- Konstanta
curses.textpad --- Text input widget for curses programscurses.ascii --- Utilities for ASCII characterscurses.panel
--- A panel stack extension for curses- Fungsi-Fungsi
- Panel Objects
platform --- Access to underlying platform's identifying data- Cross Platform
- Java Platform
- Windows Platform
- macOS Platform
- Unix Platforms
- Linux Platforms
errno --- Standard errno system symbolsctypes --- A foreign function library for Python
- ctypes tutorial
- Loading dynamic link libraries
- Accessing functions from loaded dlls
- Calling functions
- Fundamental data types
- Calling functions, continued
- Calling functions with your own custom data types
- Specifying the required argument types [function prototypes]
- Tipe kembalian
- Passing pointers [or: passing parameters by reference]
- Structures and unions
- Structure/union alignment and byte order
- Bit fields in structures and unions
- Arrays
- Penunjuk Pointers
- Type conversions
- Incomplete Types
- Callback functions
- Accessing values exported from dlls
- Surprises
- Variable-sized data types
- ctypes reference
- Finding shared libraries
- Loading
shared libraries
- Foreign functions
- Function prototypes
- Utility functions
- Data types
- Fundamental data types
- Tipe data terstruktur
- Arrays and pointers
- Eksekusi Serentak
threading --- Thread-based parallelism- Thread-Local Data
- Thread Objects
- Lock Objects
- RLock Objects
- Condition Objects
- Semaphore Objects
- Event Objects
- Timer Objects
- Barrier Objects
- Using locks, conditions, and semaphores in the
with statement
multiprocessing --- Process-based parallelism- Pengenalan
- The
Process class - Contexts and start methods
- Exchanging objects between processes
- Synchronization between processes
- Sharing state between processes
- Using a pool of workers
- Referensi
Process and exceptions- Pipes and Queues
- Miscellaneous
- Objek Koneksi
- Synchronization primitives
- Shared
ctypes Objects- The
multiprocessing.sharedctypes module
- Managers
- Customized managers
- Using a remote manager
- Proxy Objects
- Process Pools
- Listeners and Clients
- Authentication keys
- Pencatatan Logging
- The
multiprocessing.dummy module
- Programming guidelines
- All start methods
- The spawn and forkserver start methods
- Contoh-contoh
multiprocessing.shared_memory --- Shared memory for direct access across processes- Paket
concurrent concurrent.futures ---
Launching parallel tasks- Executor Objects
- ThreadPoolExecutor
- ThreadPoolExecutor Example
- ProcessPoolExecutor
- ProcessPoolExecutor Example
- Future Objects
- Module Functions
- Exception classes
subprocess --- Subprocess management- Using
the
subprocess Module- Frequently Used Arguments
- Popen Constructor
- Pengecualian
- Security Considerations
- Popen Objects
- Windows Popen Helpers
- Older high-level API
- Replacing Older Functions with the
subprocess Module- Replacing /bin/sh shell
command substitution
- Replacing shell pipeline
- Replacing
os.system[] - Replacing the
os.spawn family - Replacing
os.popen[], os.popen2[], os.popen3[] - Replacing functions from the
popen2 module
- Legacy Shell Invocation Functions
- Catatan
- Converting an argument sequence to a string on Windows
sched --- Event schedulerqueue --- A synchronized queue class- Queue Objects
- SimpleQueue Objects
contextvars --- Context Variables- Context Variables
- Manual Context Management
- asyncio support
_thread --- Low-level threading API
- Komunikasi Interproses dan Networking
asyncio --- Asynchronous I/O- Coroutines and Tasks
- Coroutines
- Awaitables
- Running an asyncio Program
- Creating Tasks
- Sleeping
- Running Tasks Concurrently
- Shielding From Cancellation
- Timeouts
- Waiting Primitives
- Running in Threads
- Scheduling From Other Threads
- Introspection
- Task Object
- Generator-based Coroutines
- Streams
- StreamReader
- StreamWriter
- Contoh-contoh
- TCP echo client using streams
- TCP echo server using streams
- Get HTTP headers
- Register an open socket to wait for data using streams
- Synchronization Primitives
- Lock
- Event
- Condition
- Semaphore
- BoundedSemaphore
- Subprocesses
- Creating Subprocesses
- Konstanta
- Interacting with Subprocesses
- Subprocess and Threads
- Contoh-contoh
- Queues
- Queue
- Priority Queue
- LIFO Queue
- Pengecualian
- Contoh-contoh
- Pengecualian
- Event Loop
- Event Loop Methods
- Running and stopping the loop
- Scheduling callbacks
- Scheduling delayed callbacks
- Creating Futures and Tasks
- Opening network connections
- Creating network servers
- Transferring files
- TLS Upgrade
- Watching file descriptors
- Working with socket objects directly
- DNS
- Working with pipes
- Unix signals
- Executing code in
thread or process pools
- Error Handling API
- Enabling debug mode
- Running Subprocesses
- Callback Handles
- Server Objects
- Event Loop Implementations
- Contoh-contoh
- Hello World with call_soon[]
- Display the current date with call_later[]
- Watch a file descriptor for read events
- Set signal handlers for SIGINT and SIGTERM
- Futures
- Future Functions
- Future Object
- Transports and Protocols
- Transports
- Transports Hierarchy
- Base Transport
- Read-only Transports
- Write-only Transports
- Datagram Transports
- Subprocess Transports
- Protocols
- Base Protocols
- Base Protocol
- Streaming Protocols
- Buffered Streaming Protocols
- Datagram Protocols
- Subprocess Protocols
- Contoh-contoh
- TCP Echo Server
- TCP Echo Client
- UDP Echo Server
- UDP Echo Client
- Connecting Existing Sockets
- loop.subprocess_exec[] and SubprocessProtocol
- Policies
- Getting and Setting the Policy
- Policy Objects
- Process Watchers
- Custom Policies
- Platform Support
- All Platforms
- Windows
- Subprocess Support on Windows
- macOS
- Indeks API Tingkat-atas
- Tasks
- Queues
- Subprocesses
- Streams
- Synchronization
- Pengecualian
- Low-level API Index
- Obtaining the Event Loop
- Event
Loop Methods
- Transports
- Protocols
- Event Loop Policies
- Developing with
asyncio
- Debug Mode
- Concurrency and Multithreading
- Running Blocking Code
- Pencatatan Logging
- Detect never-awaited coroutines
- Detect never-retrieved exceptions
socket --- Low-level networking interface- Socket families
- Module contents
- Pengecualian
- Konstanta
- Fungsi-Fungsi
- Creating sockets
- Other functions
- Socket Objects
- Notes on socket timeouts
- Timeouts and the
connect method - Timeouts and the
accept method
- Contoh
ssl --- TLS/SSL wrapper for socket objects- Functions, Constants, and Exceptions
- Socket creation
- Context creation
- Pengecualian
- Random generation
- Certificate handling
- Konstanta
- SSL Sockets
- SSL Contexts
- Certificates
- Certificate chains
- CA certificates
- Combined key and certificate
- Self-signed certificates
- Contoh-contoh
- Testing for SSL
support
- Client-side operation
- Server-side operation
- Notes on non-blocking sockets
- Memory BIO Support
- SSL session
- Security considerations
- Best defaults
- Manual settings
- Verifying certificates
- Protocol versions
- Cipher selection
- Multi-processing
- TLS 1.3
select --- Waiting for I/O completion/dev/poll Polling Objects- Edge and Level Trigger Polling [epoll] Objects
- Polling Objects
- Kqueue Objects
- Kevent
Objects
selectors --- High-level I/O multiplexing- Pengenalan
- Kelas-kelas
- Contoh-contoh
signal --- Set handlers for asynchronous events- General rules
- Execution of Python signal handlers
- Signals and
threads
- Module contents
- Contoh
- Note on SIGPIPE
- Note on Signal Handlers and
Exceptions
mmap --- Memory-mapped file support- MADV_* Constants
- MAP_* Constants
- Penanganan Data
Internet
email --- Paket penanganan email dan MIMEemail.message: Representing an email messageemail.parser: Parsing email messages- FeedParser API
- Parser API
- Additional notes
email.generator: Generating MIME documentsemail.policy: Policy Objectsemail.errors: Exception and Defect classesemail.headerregistry: Custom Header Objectsemail.contentmanager: Managing MIME Content- Content Manager Instances
email: Examplesemail.message.Message: Representing an email message using the compat32 APIemail.mime: Creating email and MIME objects from scratchemail.header: Internationalized headersemail.charset: Representing character setsemail.encoders: Encoders
email.utils: Miscellaneous utilitiesemail.iterators: Iterators
json --- JSON encoder dan decoder- Penggunaan Dasar
- Encoders dan Decoders
- Pengecualian
- Standard Compliance and Interoperability
- Character
Encodings
- Infinite and NaN Number Values
- Repeated Names Within an Object
- Top-level Non-Object, Non-Array Values
- Implementation Limitations
- Command Line Interface
mailbox ---
Manipulate mailboxes in various formats- objek
Mailbox - objek
MessageMaildirMessagemboxMessageMHMessageBabylMessageMMDFMessage
- Pengecualian
- Contoh-contoh
mimetypes --- Map filenames to MIME typesbase64 --- Base16, Base32, Base64, Base85 Data Encodingsbinhex --- Encode and decode binhex4 filesbinascii --- Convert between binary and ASCIIquopri --- Encode and decode MIME quoted-printable data
- Alat Pemroses Markup Terstruktur
html
--- Dukungan HyperText Markup Languagehtml.parser --- Simple HTML and XHTML parser- Example HTML Parser Application
HTMLParser Methods- Contoh-contoh
html.entities --- Definisi entitas umum HTML- XML Processing Modules
- XML vulnerabilities
- The
defusedxml Package
xml.etree.ElementTree --- The ElementTree XML API- Tutorial
- XML tree
and elements
- Parsing XML
- Pull API for non-blocking parsing
- Finding interesting elements
- Modifying an XML File
- Building XML documents
- Parsing XML with Namespaces
- XPath support
- Contoh
- Supported XPath syntax
- Referensi
- XInclude support
- Referensi
- Fungsi-Fungsi
- Element Objects
- ElementTree
Objects
- QName Objects
- TreeBuilder Objects
- XMLParser Objects
- XMLPullParser Objects
- Pengecualian
xml.dom --- The Document Object Model API- Modul-Modul
- Objects in the DOM
- DOMImplementation Objects
- Node Objects
- NodeList Objects
- DocumentType Objects
- Document Objects
- Element Objects
- Attr Objects
- NamedNodeMap Objects
- Comment Objects
- Text and CDATASection Objects
- ProcessingInstruction Objects
- Pengecualian
- Conformance
- Type Mapping
- Accessor Methods
xml.dom.minidom --- Minimal DOM implementation- DOM Objects
- DOM Example
- minidom and the DOM standard
xml.dom.pulldom --- Support for building partial DOM treesxml.sax --- Support for SAX2 parsersxml.sax.handler --- Base classes for SAX handlers- ContentHandler Objects
- DTDHandler Objects
- EntityResolver Objects
- ErrorHandler Objects
- LexicalHandler Objects
xml.sax.saxutils --- SAX Utilitiesxml.sax.xmlreader ---
Interface for XML parsers- XMLReader Objects
- IncrementalParser Objects
- Locator Objects
- InputSource Objects
- The
Attributes Interface - The
AttributesNS Interface
xml.parsers.expat --- Fast XML parsing using Expat- XMLParser Objects
- ExpatError Exceptions
- Contoh
- Content Model Descriptions
- Expat error constants
- Protokol Internet dan Dukungan
webbrowser --- Convenient web-browser controller- Browser Controller Objects
wsgiref --- WSGI Utilities and Reference Implementationwsgiref.util -- WSGI environment utilitieswsgiref.headers -- WSGI response header toolswsgiref.simple_server -- a simple WSGI HTTP serverwsgiref.validate --- WSGI conformance checkerwsgiref.handlers -- server/gateway base classes- Contoh-contoh
urllib ---
Modul penanganan URLurllib.request --- Extensible library for opening URLs- Request Objects
- OpenerDirector Objects
- BaseHandler Objects
- HTTPRedirectHandler Objects
- HTTPCookieProcessor Objects
- ProxyHandler Objects
- HTTPPasswordMgr Objects
- HTTPPasswordMgrWithPriorAuth Objects
- AbstractBasicAuthHandler Objects
- HTTPBasicAuthHandler Objects
- ProxyBasicAuthHandler Objects
- AbstractDigestAuthHandler Objects
- HTTPDigestAuthHandler Objects
- ProxyDigestAuthHandler Objects
- HTTPHandler Objects
- HTTPSHandler Objects
- FileHandler Objects
- DataHandler Objects
- FTPHandler Objects
- CacheFTPHandler Objects
- UnknownHandler Objects
- HTTPErrorProcessor Objects
- Contoh-contoh
- Legacy
interface
urllib.request Restrictions
urllib.response --- Response classes used by urlliburllib.parse --- Parse URLs into components- URL Parsing
- Parsing ASCII Encoded Bytes
- Structured Parse Results
- URL
Quoting
urllib.error --- Exception classes raised by urllib.requesturllib.robotparser --- Parser for robots.txthttp --- modul HTTPhttp.client --- HTTP protocol client- HTTPConnection Objects
- HTTPResponse
Objects
- Contoh-contoh
- HTTPMessage Objects
ftplib --- FTP protocol client- FTP Objects
- FTP_TLS Objects
poplib --- POP3 protocol clientimaplib --- IMAP4 protocol client- IMAP4 Objects
- IMAP4 Example
smtplib --- SMTP protocol clientuuid --- UUID objects according to RFC 4122socketserver --- A framework for network servers- Server Creation Notes
- Server Objects
- Request
Handler Objects
- Contoh-contoh
socketserver.TCPServer Examplesocketserver.UDPServer Example- Asynchronous Mixins
http.server --- HTTP servershttp.cookies ---
HTTP state management- Objek Cookie
- Object Morsel
- Contoh
http.cookiejar ---
Cookie handling for HTTP clients- CookieJar and FileCookieJar Objects
- FileCookieJar subclasses and co-operation with web browsers
- CookiePolicy Objects
- DefaultCookiePolicy Objects
- Objek Cookie
- Contoh-contoh
xmlrpc --- XMLRPC server and client modulesxmlrpc.client --- akses klien XML-RPC- Objek ServerProxy
- Objek DateTime
- Objek biner
- Fault Objects
- Objek ProtocolError
- Objek MultiCall
- Fungsi yang memudahkan
- Contoh penggunaan Client
- Contoh penggunaan Client dan Server
xmlrpc.server --- Basic XML-RPC servers- SimpleXMLRPCServer Objects
- SimpleXMLRPCServer Example
- CGIXMLRPCRequestHandler
- Documenting XMLRPC server
- DocXMLRPCServer Objects
- DocCGIXMLRPCRequestHandler
ipaddress --- IPv4/IPv6 manipulation library- Convenience factory functions
- IP Addresses
- Address objects
- Conversion to
Strings and Integers
- Operators
- Comparison operators
- Arithmetic operators
- IP Network definitions
- Prefix, net mask and host mask
- Network objects
- Operators
- Logical operators
- Iteration
- Networks as containers of addresses
- Interface objects
- Other Module Level Functions
- Custom Exceptions
- Layanan Multimedia
wave --- Read and write WAV files- Wave_read Objects
- Wave_write Objects
colorsys --- Conversions between color systems
- Internasionalisasi
gettext --- Multilingual internationalization
services- GNU gettext API
- Class-based API
- The
NullTranslations class - The
GNUTranslations class - Solaris message catalog support
- The Catalog constructor
- Internationalizing your programs and modules
- Localizing your module
- Localizing your application
- Changing languages on the fly
- Deferred translations
- Ucapan Terima Kasih
locale ---
Internationalization services- Background, details, hints, tips and caveats
- For extension writers and programs that embed Python
- Access to message catalogs
- Kerangka Program
turtle --- Turtle graphics- Pengenalan
- Overview of available Turtle and Screen methods
- Turtle methods
- Methods of TurtleScreen/Screen
- Methods of RawTurtle/Turtle and corresponding functions
- Turtle motion
- Tell Turtle's state
- Settings for measurement
- Pen control
- Drawing state
- Color control
- Filling
- More drawing control
- Turtle state
- Using events
- Special Turtle methods
- Compound shapes
- Methods of TurtleScreen/Screen and corresponding functions
- Window control
- Animation control
- Using screen events
- Input methods
- Settings and special methods
- Methods specific to Screen, not inherited from TurtleScreen
- Public classes
- Help and configuration
- How to use help
- Translation of docstrings into different languages
- How to configure Screen and Turtles
turtledemo --- Demo scripts- Changes since Python 2.6
- Changes since Python 3.0
cmd --- Support for
line-oriented command interpretersshlex --- Simple lexical analysis- shlex Objects
- Parsing Rules
- Improved Compatibility with Shells
- User Interfaces Grafis dengan Tk
tkinter --- Python interface to
Tcl/Tk- Architecture
- Tkinter Modules
- Tkinter Life Preserver
- A Hello World Program
- Important Tk Concepts
- Understanding How Tkinter Wraps Tcl/Tk
- How do I...? What option does...?
- Navigating the Tcl/Tk Reference Manual
- Threading model
- Handy Reference
- Setting
Options
- The Packer
- Packer Options
- Coupling Widget Variables
- The Window Manager
- Tk Option Data Types
- Bindings and Events
- The index Parameter
- Images
- File Handlers
tkinter.colorchooser --- Color choosing dialogtkinter.font --- Tkinter font wrapper- Tkinter Dialogs
tkinter.simpledialog --- Standard Tkinter input dialogstkinter.filedialog --- File selection dialogstkinter.commondialog --- Dialog window templates
tkinter.messagebox --- Tkinter message promptstkinter.scrolledtext --- Scrolled Text Widgettkinter.dnd --- Drag and drop supporttkinter.ttk --- Tk themed widgets- Menggunakan Ttk
- Ttk Widgets
- Widget
- Opsi Standar
- Scrollable Widget Options
- Label Options
- Compatibility Options
- Widget States
- ttk.Widget
- Combobox
- Opsi
- Virtual events
- ttk.Combobox
- Spinbox
- Opsi
- Virtual events
- ttk.Spinbox
- Notebook
- Opsi
- Tab Options
- Tab Identifiers
- Virtual Events
- ttk.Notebook
- Progressbar
- Pembatas
- Sizegrip
- Platform-specific notes
- Bug
- Treeview
- Opsi
- Item Options
- Tag Options
- Column Identifiers
- Virtual Events
- ttk.Treeview
- Ttk Styling
tkinter.tix --- Extension widgets for Tk- Using Tix
- Tix Widgets
- Basic Widgets
- File Selectors
- Hierarchical ListBox
- Tabular ListBox
- Manager Widgets
- Image Types
- Miscellaneous Widgets
- Form Geometry Manager
- Tix Commands
- IDLE
- Menus
- File menu [Shell and Editor]
- Edit menu [Shell and Editor]
- Format menu [Editor window only]
- Run menu [Editor window only]
- Shell menu [Shell window only]
- Debug menu [Shell window only]
- Options menu [Shell and Editor]
- Window menu [Shell and Editor]
- Help menu [Shell and Editor]
- Context menus
- Editing and Navigation
- Editor windows
- Key bindings
- Automatic indentation
- Search and Replace
- Completions
- Calltips
- Code Context
- Shell window
- Text colors
- Startup and Code Execution
- Command line usage
- Startup failure
- Running user code
- User output in Shell
- Developing tkinter applications
- Running without a subprocess
- Help and Preferences
- Help sources
- Setting preferences
- IDLE on macOS
- Extensions
- idlelib
- Alat Pengembangan
typing --- Support for type hints- Relevant PEPs
- Type aliases
- NewType
- Callable
- Generics
- User-defined generic types
- The
Any type - Nominal vs structural subtyping
- Module
contents
- Special typing primitives
- Special types
- Special forms
- Building generic
types
- Other special directives
- Generic concrete collections
- Corresponding to built-in types
- Corresponding to types in
collections - Other concrete types
- Abstract Base Classes
- Corresponding to collections in
collections.abc - Corresponding to other types in
collections.abc - Asynchronous programming
- Context manager types
- Protocols
- Functions and decorators
- Introspection helpers
- Konstanta
pydoc --- Documentation generator and online help system- Python Development Mode
- Effects
of the Python Development Mode
- ResourceWarning Example
- Bad file descriptor error example
doctest --- Contoh uji interaktif Python- Simple Usage: Checking Examples in Docstrings
- Penggunaan Sederhana: Memeriksa Contoh di Berkas Teks
- Bagaimana Itu Bekerja
- Docstrings Mana yang Diperiksa?
- Bagaimana Contoh Docstring Dikenali?
- Apa itu Konteks Eksekusi?
- Bagaimana dengan Pengecualian?
- Penanda Opsi
- Petunjuk
- Peringatan
- Basic API
- Unittest API
- Advanced API
- DocTest Objects
- Example Objects
- DocTestFinder objects
- DocTestParser objects
- DocTestRunner objects
- OutputChecker objects
- Debugging
- Soapbox
unittest --- Unit testing framework- Contoh dasar
- Command-Line Interface
- Test Discovery
- Organizing test code
- Re-using old test code
- Skipping tests and expected failures
- Distinguishing test iterations using subtests
- Classes and functions
- Kasus pengujian
- Grouping tests
- Loading and running tests
- Class and Module Fixtures
- setUpClass and tearDownClass
- setUpModule and tearDownModule
- Penanganan Sinyal Signal
unittest.mock --- mock object library- Quick Guide
- The Mock Class
- Calling
- Deleting Attributes
- Mock names and the name attribute
- Attaching Mocks as Attributes
- The patchers
- patch
- patch.object
- patch.dict
- patch.multiple
- patch methods: start and stop
- patch builtins
- TEST_PREFIX
- Nesting Patch Decorators
- Where to patch
- Patching Descriptors and Proxy Objects
- MagicMock and magic method support
- Mocking Magic Methods
- Magic Mock
- Helpers
- sentinel
- DEFAULT
- call
- create_autospec
- ANY
- FILTER_DIR
- mock_open
- Autospeccing
- Sealing mocks
unittest.mock --- getting started- Using Mock
- Mock Patching Methods
- Mock for Method Calls on an Object
- Mocking Classes
- Naming your mocks
- Tracking all Calls
- Setting Return Values and Attributes
- Raising exceptions with mocks
- Side effect functions and iterables
- Mocking asynchronous iterators
- Mocking asynchronous context manager
- Creating a Mock from an Existing
Object
- Patch Decorators
- Further Examples
- Mocking chained calls
- Partial mocking
- Mocking a Generator Method
- Applying the same patch to every test method
- Mocking Unbound Methods
- Checking multiple calls with mock
- Coping with mutable arguments
- Nesting Patches
- Mocking a dictionary with MagicMock
- Mock subclasses and their attributes
- Mocking imports with patch.dict
- Tracking order of calls and less verbose call assertions
- More
complex argument matching
- 2to3 --- Automated Python 2 to 3 code translation
- Menggunakan 2to3
- Fixers
lib2to3 --- 2to3's
library
test --- Regression tests package for Python- Writing Unit Tests for the
test package - Running tests using the command-line interface
test.support --- Utilities for the Python test suitetest.support.socket_helper --- Utilities for socket teststest.support.script_helper --- Utilities for the Python execution teststest.support.bytecode_helper --- Support tools for testing correct bytecode generationtest.support.threading_helper --- Utilities for threading teststest.support.os_helper --- Utilities for os teststest.support.import_helper --- Utilities for import teststest.support.warnings_helper --- Utilities for warnings tests
- Debugging dan Profiling
- Audit events table
bdb --- Debugger frameworkfaulthandler --- Dump the Python traceback- Dumping the traceback
- Fault handler state
- Dumping the tracebacks after a timeout
- Dumping the traceback on a user signal
- Issue with file descriptors
- Contoh
pdb --- The Python Debugger- The Python Profilers
- Introduction to the profilers
- Instant User's Manual
profile and cProfile Module
Reference- The
Stats Class - What Is Deterministic Profiling?
- Limitations
- Calibration
- Using a custom timer
timeit --- Measure execution time of small code snippets- Basic Examples
- Python Interface
- Command-Line Interface
- Contoh-contoh
trace --- Trace or track Python statement execution- Command-Line Usage
- Main options
- Modifiers
- Filters
- Programmatic Interface
tracemalloc --- Trace memory allocations- Contoh-contoh
- Display the top 10
- Compute differences
- Get the traceback of a memory block
- Pretty top
- Record the current and peak size of all traced memory blocks
- API
- Fungsi-Fungsi
- DomainFilter
- Filter
- Frame
- Snapshot
- Statistic
- StatisticDiff
- Trace
- Traceback
- Pengemasan dan Distribusi Perangkat Lunak
distutils --- Building and installing Python modulesensurepip --- Bootstrapping the pip installer- Command line interface
- Module API
venv --- Creation of virtual environments- Creating virtual
environments
- API
- An example of extending
EnvBuilder
zipapp --- Manage executable Python zip archives- Basic
Example
- Command-Line Interface
- Python API
- Contoh-contoh
- Specifying the Interpreter
- Creating Standalone Applications with zipapp
- Making a Windows executable
- Caveats
- The Python Zip Application Archive Format
- Layanan Runtime Python
sys --- System-specific parameters and functionssysconfig --- Provide access to Python's configuration information- Configuration variables
- Installation paths
- Other functions
- Using
sysconfig as a script
builtins --- Objek-objek bawaan__main__ --- Top-level code
environment__name__ == '__main__'- What is the "top-level code environment"?
- Idiomatic Usage
- Packaging Considerations
__main__.py in Python Packagesimport __main__
warnings --- Warning control- Warning Categories
- The Warnings Filter
- Describing
Warning Filters
- Default Warning Filter
- Overriding the default filter
- Temporarily Suppressing Warnings
- Testing Warnings
- Updating Code For New Versions of Dependencies
- Available Functions
- Available Context Managers
dataclasses --- Data Classes- Module contents
- Post-init
processing
- Class variables
- Init-only variables
- Frozen instances
- Pewarisan
- Re-ordering of keyword-only parameters in
__init__[] - Default factory functions
- Mutable default values
- Descriptor-typed fields
contextlib --- Utilities for with-statement contexts- Utilitas
- Examples
and Recipes
- Supporting a variable number of context managers
- Catching exceptions from
__enter__ methods - Cleaning up in an
__enter__ implementation - Replacing any use of
try-finally and flag variables - Using a context
manager as a function decorator
- Single use, reusable and reentrant context managers
- Reentrant context managers
- Reusable
context managers
abc --- Abstract Base Classesatexit --- Exit handlerstraceback --- Print or
retrieve a stack tracebackTracebackException ObjectsStackSummary ObjectsFrameSummary Objects- Traceback Examples
__future__ --- Future statement definitionsgc --- Garbage Collector interfaceinspect --- Inspect live objects
- Types and members
- Retrieving source code
- Introspecting callables with the Signature object
- Classes and functions
- The interpreter stack
- Fetching attributes statically
- Current State of Generators and Coroutines
- Code Objects Bit Flags
- Command Line Interface
site --- Site-specific configuration hook- Readline configuration
- Module contents
- Command Line Interface
- Ubahsuaian Interpreter Python
code --- Interpreter base classes- Interactive Interpreter Objects
- Interactive Console Objects
codeop --- Compile Python code
- Mengimpor Modul
zipimport --- Import modules from Zip archives
- zipimporter Objects
- Contoh-contoh
pkgutil --- Package extension utilitymodulefinder --- Find modules used by a
script
- Example usage of
ModuleFinder
runpy --- Locating and executing Python modulesimportlib --- The implementation of import- Pengenalan
- Fungsi-Fungsi
importlib.abc -- Abstract base classes related to importimportlib.resources --
Resourcesimportlib.machinery -- Importers and path hooksimportlib.util -- Utility code for importers- Contoh-contoh
- Importing programmatically
- Checking if a module can be imported
- Importing a source file directly
- Implementing lazy imports
- Setting up an importer
- Approximating
importlib.import_module[]
- Using
importlib.metadata- Overview
- Functional API
- Entry points
- Distribution metadata
- Distribution versions
- Distribution files
- Distribution requirements
- Package distributions
- Distributions
- Extending the search algorithm
- Layanan Bahasa Python
ast --- Abstract Syntax Trees- Abstract
Grammar
- Node classes
- Literals
- Variables
- Expressions
- Subscripting
- Comprehensions
- Statements
- Control flow
- Pattern matching
- Function and class definitions
- Async and await
ast Helpers- Compiler Flags
- Command-Line Usage
symtable --- Access to the compiler's symbol tables- Generating Symbol Tables
- Examining Symbol Tables
token --- Konstanta digunakan dengan pohon pengurai [parse tree] Pythonkeyword --- Pengujian untuk kata kunci Pythontokenize --- Tokenizer for Python source- Tokenizing Input
- Command-Line Usage
- Contoh-contoh
- mod:tabnanny --- Deteksi indentasi ambigu
pyclbr --- Python module browser support- Obyek Fungsi
- Objek Kelas Class Objects
py_compile --- Compile Python source filescompileall ---
Byte-compile Python libraries- Command-line use
- Public functions
dis --- Disassembler for Python bytecode- Bytecode analysis
- Analysis functions
- Python Bytecode Instructions
- Opcode collections
pickletools --- Tools for pickle developers- Command line usage
- Programmatic Interface
- Layanan MS Windows Spesifik
msvcrt --- Useful routines from the MS VC++ runtime- File
Operations
- Console I/O
- Other Functions
winreg --- Windows registry access- Fungsi-Fungsi
- Konstanta
- HKEY_* Constants
- Access Rights
- Value Types
- Registry Handle Objects
winsound --- Sound-playing interface for Windows
- Layanan Khusus Unix
posix --- The most common POSIX system calls- Large File Support
- Notable Module Contents
pwd --- The password
databasegrp --- The group databasetermios --- POSIX style tty controltty --- Terminal control functionspty --- Pseudo-terminal utilitiesfcntl --- The fcntl and ioctl system callsresource --- Resource usage information- Resource Limits
- Resource Usage
syslog --- Unix syslog library routines
- Modul yang Diganti
aifc --- Read and write AIFF and AIFC filesasynchat --- Asynchronous socket command/response
handlerasyncore --- Asynchronous socket handler- asyncore Example basic HTTP client
- asyncore Example basic echo server
audioop --- Manipulate raw audio datacgi --- Common Gateway Interface support- Pengenalan
- Using the cgi module
- Higher Level Interface
- Fungsi-Fungsi
- Caring about security
- Installing your CGI script on a Unix system
- Testing your CGI script
- Debugging CGI scripts
- Common problems and solutions
cgitb --- Traceback manager for CGI scriptschunk --- Read IFF
chunked datacrypt --- Function to check Unix passwords- Hashing Methods
- Module Attributes
- Module Functions
- Contoh-contoh
imghdr --- Determine the type of an imageimp --- Access the import internalsmailcap --- Mailcap file handlingmsilib --- Read and write Microsoft Installer files- Database Objects
- View Objects
- Summary Information Objects
- Record Objects
- Errors
- CAB Objects
- Directory Objects
- Features
- GUI classes
- Precomputed tables
nis --- Interface to Sun's NIS [Yellow Pages]nntplib --- NNTP protocol client- NNTP Objects
- Utility functions
optparse --- Parser for command line options- Background
- Terminology
- What are options for?
- What are positional arguments for?
- Tutorial
- Understanding option actions
- The store action
- Handling boolean [flag] options
- Other actions
- Default values
- Generating help
- Printing a version string
- How
optparse handles errors - Putting it all together
- Reference Guide
- Creating the parser
- Populating the parser
- Defining options
- Option attributes
- Standard option actions
- Standard option types
- Mengurai argumen
- Querying and manipulating your option parser
- Conflicts between options
- Cleanup
- Other methods
- Option Callbacks
- Defining a callback option
- How callbacks are
called
- Raising errors in a callback
- Callback example 1: trivial callback
- Callback example 2: check option order
- Callback example 3: check option order [generalized]
- Callback example 4: check arbitrary condition
- Callback example 5: fixed
arguments
- Callback example 6: variable arguments
- Extending
optparse- Adding new types
- Adding new actions
ossaudiodev --- Access to OSS-compatible audio devices- Audio Device Objects
- Mixer Device Objects
pipes --- Interface to shell pipelinessmtpd --- SMTP Server- Objek SMTPServer
- Objek DebuggingServer
- Objek PureProxy
- Objek MailmanProxy
- Objek SMTPChannel
sndhdr --- Determine type of sound filespwd --- The shadow password databasesunau --- Read and write Sun AU files
- AU_read Objects
- AU_write Objects
telnetlib --- Telnet client- Telnet Objects
- Telnet Example
uu --- Encode and decode uuencode filesxdrlib --- Encode and decode XDR data- Packer Objects
- Unpacker Objects
- Pengecualian
- Security Considerations
- Memperluas dan Menggabungkan Interpreter Python
- Alat pihak ketiga yang direkomendasikan
- Membuat ekstensi tanpa alat pihak ketiga
- 1. Extending Python with C or C++
- 1.1. Contoh Sederhana
- 1.2. Intermezzo: Errors and Exceptions
- 1.3. Kembali ke Contoh
- 1.4. The Module's Method Table and Initialization Function
- 1.5. Compilation and Linkage
- 1.6. Calling Python Functions from C
- 1.7. Extracting Parameters in Extension Functions
- 1.8. Keyword Parameters for Extension Functions
- 1.9. Building Arbitrary Values
- 1.10. Reference Counts
- 1.10.1. Reference Counting in Python
- 1.10.2. Ownership Rules
- 1.10.3. Thin Ice
- 1.10.4. NULL Pointers
- 1.11. Writing Extensions in C++
- 1.12. Providing a C API for an Extension Module
- 2. Mendefinisikan Tipe Ekstensi: Tutorial
- 2.1. Bagian Dasar
- 2.2. Adding data and methods to the Basic example
- 2.3. Providing finer control over data attributes
- 2.4. Supporting cyclic garbage collection
- 2.5. Subclassing other types
- 3. Defining Extension Types: Assorted Topics
- 3.1. Finalization and De-allocation
- 3.2. Object Presentation
- 3.3. Attribute Management
- 3.3.1. Generic Attribute Management
- 3.3.2. Type-specific Attribute Management
- 3.4. Object Comparison
- 3.5. Abstract Protocol Support
- 3.6. Weak Reference Support
- 3.7. More Suggestions
- 4.
Building C and C++ Extensions
- 4.1. Building C and C++ Extensions with distutils
- 4.2. Distributing your extension modules
- 5. Building C and C++
Extensions on Windows
- 5.1. A Cookbook Approach
- 5.2. Differences Between Unix and Windows
- 5.3. Using DLLs in Practice
- Menggabungkan runtime CPython di aplikasi yang lebih besar
- 1. Embedding Python in Another Application
- 1.1. Very High Level Embedding
- 1.2. Beyond Very High Level Embedding: An overview
- 1.3. Pure Embedding
- 1.4. Extending Embedded Python
- 1.5. Embedding Python in C++
- 1.6. Compiling and Linking under Unix-like systems
- Panduan Referensi Python/API C
- Pengenalan
- Standar pengkodean coding
- Menyertakan Berkas
- Makro yang berguna
- Objek, Tipe dan Jumlah Referensi
- Reference Counts
- Tipe-tipe
- Pengecualian
- Embedding Python
- Debugging Builds
- C API Stability
- Stable Application Binary Interface
- Limited API Scope and Performance
- Limited API Caveats
- Platform Considerations
- Contents of Limited API
- The Very High Level Layer
- Reference Counting
- Penanganan Pengecualian
- Mencetak dan membersihkan
- Menghasilkan pengecualian
- Menerbitkan peringatan
- Meminta indikator kesalahan
- Penanganan Sinyal Signal
- Kelas Pengecualian
- Objek
Pengecualian
- Objek Pengecualian Unicode
- Kontrol Rekursi
- Pengecualian Standar
- Kategori Peringatan Standar
- Utilitas
- Operating System Utilities
- System Functions
- Process Control
- Mengimpor Modul
- Data marshalling support
- Mengurai argumen dan membangun nilai
- Mengurai argumen
- String dan penyangga, buffers
- Angka
- Objek lain
- Fungsi-fungsi API
- Membangun nilai
- Pemformatan dan konversi string
- Reflection
- Codec registry and support functions
- Codec lookup API
- Registry API for Unicode encoding error handlers
- Lapisan Abstrak Objek
- Object Protocol
- Call Protocol
- The tp_call Protocol
- The Vectorcall Protocol
- Recursion Control
- Vectorcall Support API
- Object Calling API
- Call Support API
- Number Protocol
- Sequence Protocol
- Protokol Pemetaan
- Iterator
Protocol
- Protokol Penampung Buffer
- Struktur penampung
- Buffer request types
- request-independent
fields
- readonly, format
- shape, strides, suboffsets
- contiguity requests
- compound
requests
- Complex arrays
- NumPy-style: shape and strides
- PIL-style: shape, strides and suboffsets
- Fungsi terkait penampung
- Old Buffer Protocol
- Lapisan Objek Konkrit
- Objek Dasar
- Objek Tipe
- Creating Heap-Allocated Types
- Objek
None
- Objek Numerik
- Integer Objects
- Objek Boolean
- Objek Pecahan
- Objek Bilangan Kompleks
- Bilangan
Kompleks sebagai Struktur C
- Complex Numbers as Python Objects
- Objek Urutan
- Bytes Objects
- Objek
Byte Array
- Makro cek tipe
- Fungsi API langsung
- Makro
- Unicode Objects and Codecs
- Objek Unicode
- Tipe Unicode
- Unicode Character Properties
- Creating and accessing Unicode
strings
- Deprecated Py_UNICODE APIs
- Locale Encoding
- File System Encoding
- wchar_t
Support
- Built-in Codecs
- Generic Codecs
- UTF-8 Codecs
- UTF-32 Codecs
- UTF-16 Codecs
- UTF-7 Codecs
- Unicode-Escape Codecs
- Raw-Unicode-Escape Codecs
- Latin-1 Codecs
- ASCII Codecs
- Character Map Codecs
- MBCS codecs for Windows
- Methods & Slots
- Methods and Slot Functions
- Tuple Objects
- Struct Sequence Objects
- List Objects
- Objek Container
- Objek Dictionary
- Set Objects
- Obyek Fungsi
- Objek Fungsi
- Instance Method Objects
- Metode Objek
- Objek
Sel, Cell
- Objek Kode
- Objek lain
- Objek File
- Module Objects
- Initializing C modules
- Single-phase initialization
- Multi-phase initialization
- Low-level module creation functions
- Support functions
- Module lookup
- Objek Iterator
- Obyek Deskriptor
- Slice Objects
- Ellipsis Object
- MemoryView objects
- Weak Reference
Objects
- Kapsul
- Generator Objects
- Objek Coroutine
- Context Variables Objects
- Objek
DateTime
- Objects for Type Hinting
- Initialization, Finalization, and Threads
- Before Python Initialization
- Global configuration variables
- Initializing and finalizing the interpreter
- Process-wide parameters
- Thread State and the Global Interpreter Lock
- Releasing the GIL from extension code
- Non-Python created threads
- Cautions about fork[]
- High-level API
- Low-level API
- Sub-interpreter support
- Asynchronous Notifications
- Profiling and Tracing
- Advanced Debugger
Support
- Thread Local Storage Support
- Thread Specific Storage [TSS] API
- Dynamic Allocation
- Metode-Metode
- Thread Local Storage [TLS] API
- Python Initialization Configuration
- Example
- PyWideStringList
- PyStatus
- PyPreConfig
- Preinitialize Python with PyPreConfig
- PyConfig
- Initialization with PyConfig
- Isolated Configuration
- Python
Configuration
- Python Path Configuration
- Py_RunMain[]
- Py_GetArgcArgv[]
- Multi-Phase Initialization Private Provisional API
- Memory Management
- Overview
- Allocator
Domains
- Raw Memory Interface
- Memory Interface
- Object allocators
- Default Memory
Allocators
- Customize Memory Allocators
- Debug hooks on the Python memory allocators
- The pymalloc allocator
- Customize pymalloc Arena Allocator
- tracemalloc C API
- Contoh-contoh
- Dukungan Implementasi Objek
- Mengalokasikan objek kedalam struktur data [heap]
- Struktur Objek Umum
- Base object types and macros
- Implementing functions and methods
- Accessing attributes of extension types
- Objek Tipe
- Referensi Cepat
- "tp slots"
- sub-slots
- slot typedefs
- PyTypeObject Definition
- PyObject Slots
- PyVarObject Slots
- PyTypeObject Slots
- Static Types
- Heap Types
- Number Object Structures
- Mapping Object Structures
- Sequence Object Structures
- Buffer Object Structures
- Async Object Structures
- Slot Type
typedefs
- Contoh-contoh
- Supporting Cyclic Garbage Collection
- Controlling the Garbage Collector State
- Pengelolaan Versi API dan ABI
- Mendistribusikan Modul Python
- Istilah utama
- Lisensi dan kolaborasi sumber
terbuka
- Instalasi alat
- Membaca Panduan Pengguna Python Packaging
- Bagaimana saya...?
- ... pilih nama untuk proyek saya?
- ... membuat dan mendistribusikan ekstensi biner?
- Memasang Modul-modul Python
- Istilah utama
- Penggunaan dasar
- Bagaimana saya ...?
- ... install
pip in versions of
Python prior to Python 3.4? - ... install packages just for the current user?
- ... memasang paket-paket Python saintifik?
- ... work with multiple versions of Python installed in parallel?
- Permasalahan umum pemasangan
- Installing into the
system Python on Linux
- Pip tidak terpasang
- Memasang ekstensi biner
- HOWTOs Python
- Penyesuaian
Porting Kode Python 2 ke Python 3
- Penjelasan Singkat
- Detail
- Drop support for Python 2.6 and older
- Make sure you specify the proper version support in your
setup.py file - Have good test coverage
- Learn the differences between
Python 2 & 3
- Update your code
- Pembagian
- Text versus binary data
- Use feature detection instead of version detection
- Prevent compatibility regressions
- Check which dependencies block
your transition
- Update your
setup.py file to denote Python 3 compatibility - Use continuous integration to stay compatible
- Consider using optional static type checking
- Penyesuaian Porting Modul Ekstensi ke Python 3
- Pemrograman Curses dengan Python
- Apa itu curses?
- Starting and ending a curses application
- Windows and Pads
- Displaying Text
- User Input
- For More Information
- Descriptor HowTo Guide
- Primer
- Simple example: A descriptor that
returns a constant
- Dynamic lookups
- Managed attributes
- Customized names
- Closing
thoughts
- Complete Practical Example
- Validator class
- Custom validators
- Practical application
- Technical Tutorial
- Abstrak
- Definition and introduction
- Descriptor protocol
- Overview of descriptor invocation
- Invocation from an instance
- Invocation from a class
- Invocation from super
- Summary of invocation logic
- Automatic name notification
- ORM example
- Pure Python Equivalents
- Properties
- Functions and methods
- Kinds of methods
- Static methods
- Class methods
- Member objects and __slots__
- Pemrograman Fungsional HOWTO
- Pengenalan
- Formal provability
- Modularity
- Ease of debugging and testing
- Composability
- Iterators
- Data Types That Support Iterators
- Generator expressions and list comprehensions
- Pembangkit Generator
- Passing values into a generator
- Built-in functions
- The itertools module
- Creating new iterators
- Calling functions on elements
- Selecting elements
- Combinatoric functions
- Grouping elements
- The functools module
- Small functions and the lambda expression
- Revision History and Acknowledgements
- References
- General
- Python-specific
- Dokumentasi Phyton
- Logging HOWTO
- Basic Logging Tutorial
- When to use logging
- A simple example
- Logging to a file
- Logging from multiple modules
- Logging variable data
- Changing the format of displayed messages
- Displaying the date/time in messages
- Langkah Berikutnya
- Advanced Logging Tutorial
- Logging Flow
- Loggers
- Penangan
- Formatters
- Configuring Logging
- What happens if no configuration is provided
- Configuring Logging for a Library
- Logging Levels
- Useful Handlers
- Exceptions raised during logging
- Using arbitrary objects as messages
- Optimization
- Logging Cookbook
- Using
logging in multiple modules
- Logging from multiple threads
- Multiple handlers and formatters
- Logging to multiple
destinations
- Configuration server example
- Dealing with handlers that block
- Sending and receiving logging events across a
network
- Running a logging socket listener in production
- Adding contextual information to your logging output
- Using LoggerAdapters to impart contextual information
- Using objects other than dicts to pass contextual information
- Using Filters to impart contextual information
- Use of
contextvars - Imparting contextual information in handlers
- Logging to a single file from multiple processes
- Using concurrent.futures.ProcessPoolExecutor
- Deploying Web applications using Gunicorn and uWSGI
- Using file rotation
- Use of alternative formatting styles
- Customizing
LogRecord - Subclassing QueueHandler - a ZeroMQ example
- Subclassing QueueListener - a ZeroMQ example
- An example dictionary-based configuration
- Using a rotator and namer to customize log rotation processing
- A more elaborate multiprocessing example
- Inserting a BOM into messages sent to a SysLogHandler
- Implementing
structured logging
- Customizing handlers with
dictConfig[] - Using particular formatting styles throughout your application
- Using LogRecord factories
- Using custom message objects
- Configuring filters with
dictConfig[] - Customized exception formatting
- Speaking logging messages
- Buffering logging messages and outputting them
conditionally
- Sending logging messages to email, with buffering
- Formatting times using UTC [GMT] via configuration
- Using a context manager for selective logging
- A CLI application starter template
- A Qt GUI for logging
- Logging to syslog with RFC5424 support
- Patterns to avoid
- Opening the same log file multiple times
- Using loggers as attributes in a class or passing them as parameters
- Adding handlers other than
NullHandler to a logger in a library - Creating a lot of loggers
- Other resources
- Regular Expression HOWTO
- Pengenalan
- Simple Patterns
- Matching Characters
- Repeating Things
- Using Regular Expressions
- Compiling Regular Expressions
- The Backslash Plague
- Performing Matches
- Module-Level Functions
- Compilation Flags
- More Pattern Power
- More Metacharacters
- Grouping
- Non-capturing and Named Groups
- Lookahead Assertions
- Modifying Strings
- Splitting Strings
- Search and Replace
- Common Problems
- Use String Methods
- match[] versus search[]
- Greedy versus Non-Greedy
- Using re.VERBOSE
- Feedback
- HOWTO Pemrograman Soket
- Soket
- Membuat sebuah Soket
- Menggunakan sebuah Soket
- Pemutusan
- Soket Tidak-memblokir
- Sorting HOW TO
- Sorting Basics
- Key Functions
- Operator Module Functions
- Ascending and Descending
- Sort Stability and Complex Sorts
- The Old Way Using Decorate-Sort-Undecorate
- The Old Way Using the cmp Parameter
- Odd and Ends
- Unicode HOWTO
- Pengenalan Unicode
- Definisi
- Encodings
- References
- Python's Unicode Support
- The String Type
- Converting to Bytes
- Unicode Literals in Python Source Code
- Unicode Properties
- Comparing Strings
- Unicode Regular Expressions
- References
- Reading and Writing Unicode Data
- Unicode
filenames
- Tips for Writing Unicode-aware Programs
- Converting Between File Encodings
- Files in an Unknown Encoding
- References
- Ucapan Terima Kasih
- HOWTO Fetch Internet Resources Using The urllib Package
- Pengenalan
- Fetching URLs
- Menangani Pengecualian
- URLError
- HTTPError
- Wrapping it Up
- info and geturl
- Openers and Handlers
- Basic Authentication
- Proxies
- Sockets and Layers
- Catatan kaki
- Argparse Tutorial
- Concepts
- The basics
- Introducing Positional arguments
- Introducing Optional arguments
- Combining Positional and Optional arguments
- Getting a little more advanced
- Conclusion
- An introduction to the ipaddress
module
- Creating Address/Network/Interface objects
- A Note on IP Versions
- IP Host Addresses
- Defining Networks
- Host Interfaces
- Inspecting Address/Network/Interface Objects
- Networks as lists of Addresses
- Perbandingan
- Using IP Addresses with other modules
- Getting more detail when instance creation fails
- Klinik Argumen How-To
- The Goals Of Argument Clinic
- Konsep Dasar dan Penggunaan
- Converting Your First Function
- Advanced Topics
- Symbolic default
values
- Renaming the C functions and variables generated by Argument Clinic
- Converting functions using PyArg_UnpackTuple
- Optional Groups
- Using real Argument Clinic converters, instead of "legacy converters"
- Py_buffer
- Advanced converters
- Parameter default values
- The
NULL default value - Expressions specified as default values
- Using a return converter
- Cloning existing functions
- Calling Python code
- Using a "self converter"
- Using a "defining class" converter
- Writing a custom converter
- Writing a custom return converter
- METH_O and METH_NOARGS
- tp_new and tp_init functions
- Changing and redirecting Clinic's output
- The #ifdef trick
- Using Argument Clinic in Python files
- Instrumenting CPython with DTrace and SystemTap
- Enabling the static markers
- Static DTrace probes
- Static SystemTap markers
- Available static markers
- SystemTap Tapsets
- Contoh-contoh
- Annotations Best Practices
- Accessing The Annotations Dict Of An Object In Python 3.10 And Newer
- Accessing The Annotations Dict Of An Object In Python 3.9 And Older
- Manually Un-Stringizing Stringized Annotations
- Best Practices For
__annotations__ In Any Python Version __annotations__ Quirks
- Pertanyaan tentang Python yang Sering Diajukan
- FAQ Umum Python
- Informasi Umum
- Python di dunia nyata
- Pemrograman FAQ
- Pertanyaan Umum
- Inti Bahasa
- Angka dan string
- Performa
- Urutan [Tuple/List]
- Objek
- Modul-Modul
- Desain dan Sejarah FAQ
- Mengapa Python menggunakan indentasi untuk pengelompokan pernyataan?
- Why am I getting strange results with simple arithmetic
operations?
- Why are floating-point calculations so inaccurate?
- Why are Python strings immutable?
- Why must 'self'
be used explicitly in method definitions and calls?
- Why can't I use an assignment in an expression?
- Why does Python use methods for some functionality [e.g. list.index[]] but functions for
other [e.g. len[list]]?
- Why is join[] a string method instead of a list or tuple method?
- How fast are exceptions?
- Why
isn't there a switch or case statement in Python?
- Can't you emulate threads in the interpreter instead of relying on an OS-specific thread implementation?
- Why can't lambda expressions
contain statements?
- Can Python be compiled to machine code, C or some other language?
- How does Python manage memory?
- Why doesn't CPython use a more traditional garbage collection scheme?
- Why isn't all memory freed when CPython exits?
- Why are there separate tuple and list data types?
- How are lists implemented in CPython?
- How are dictionaries implemented in CPython?
- Why must dictionary keys be immutable?
- Why doesn't list.sort[] return the sorted list?
- How do you specify and enforce an interface
spec in Python?
- Why is there no goto?
- Why can't raw strings [r-strings] end with a backslash?
- Why doesn't Python have a
"with" statement for attribute assignments?
- Why don't generators support the with statement?
- Why are colons required for the if/while/def/class statements?
- Why does Python allow commas at the end of lists and tuples?
- FAQ Pustaka dan Ekstensi
- Pertanyaan Umum Pustaka
- Tugas umum
- Threads
- Masukan dan Keluaran
- Pemrograman Jaringan/Internet
- Basisdata
- Matematika dan Bilangan
- Extending/Embedding FAQ
- Can I create my own functions in C?
- Can I create my own functions in C++?
- Writing C is hard; are there any alternatives?
- How can I execute arbitrary Python statements from C?
- How can I evaluate an arbitrary Python expression from C?
- How do I extract C values from a Python object?
- How do I use Py_BuildValue[] to create a tuple of arbitrary length?
- How do I call an object's method from C?
- How do I catch the output from PyErr_Print[] [or anything that prints to stdout/stderr]?
- How do I access a module written in Python from C?
- How do I interface to C++ objects from Python?
- I added a module using the Setup file and the make fails; why?
- How do I debug an
extension?
- I want to compile a Python module on my Linux system, but some files are missing. Why?
- How do I tell "incomplete input" from "invalid input"?
- How do I find undefined g++ symbols __builtin_new or __pure_virtual?
- Can I create an object class with some methods implemented in C and others in Python [e.g. through
inheritance]?
- FAQ Python di Windows
- Bagaimana cara mengoperasikan program Python di Windows?
- Bagaimana cara saya membuat skrip Python dapat dieksekusi?
- Mengapa Python terkadang membutuhkan waktu lama untuk memulai?
- Bagaimana cara membuat sebuah executable dari skrip Python?
- Apakah file
*.pyd
sama dengan DLL? - Bagaimana cara memasukkan Python ke dalam aplikasi Windows?
- Bagaimana cara mencegah editor memasukkan tab ke dalam sumber Python saya?
- Bagaimana cara memeriksa tombol yang ditekan tanpa memblokir?
- How do I solve the missing api-ms-win-crt-runtime-l1-1-0.dll error?
- Antarmuka Pengguna
Grafis FAQ
- Pertanyaan Umum GUI
- What GUI toolkits exist for Python?
- Pertanyaan-pertanyaan Tkinter
- "Kenapa Python Terpasang di Komputer saya?" FAQ
- Apa itu Python?
- Kenapa Python Terpasang di Komputer saya?
- Dapatkah Saya hapus Python?
- Ikhtisar
- Tentang dokumen-dokumen ini
- Kontributor untuk dokumentasi Python
- Berurusan dengan Bugs
- Dokumentasi bugs
- Menggunakan pelacak isu Python
- Mulai berkontribusi untuk Python
- Hak Cipta
- Sejarah dan Lisensi
- Sejarah perangkat lunak
- Syarat dan ketentuan untuk mengakses atau
menggunakan Python
- LISENSI PERJANJIAN PSF UNTUK PYTHON 3.10.8
- LISENSI PERJANJIAN BEOPEN.COM UNTUK PYTHON 2.0
- LISENSI PERJANJIAN CNRI UNTUK PYTHON
1.6.1
- LISENSI PERJANJIAN CWI UNTUK PYTHON 0.9.0 SAMPAI 1.2
- ZERO-CLAUSE BSD LICENSE FOR CODE IN THE PYTHON 3.10.8 DOCUMENTATION
- Lisensi dan Ucapan Terima Kasih untuk Perangkat Lunak yang Tergabung
- Mersenne Twister
- Soket
- Layanan soket asinkron
- Pengelolaan Cookie
- Pelacakan eksekusi
- UUencode and UUdecode functions
- XML Remote Procedure Calls
- test_epoll
- Pilih kqueue
- SipHash24
- strtod dan dtoa
- OpenSSL
- expat
- libffi
- zlib
- cfuhash
- libmpdec
- Rangkaian pengujian W3C C14N