In the last tutorial, we learned about Python exceptions. We know that exceptions abnormally terminate the execution of a program.
This is why it is important to handle exceptions. In Python, we use the
try:
numerator = 10
denominator = 0
result = numerator/denominator
print(result)
except:
print("Error: Denominator cannot be 0.")
# Output: Error: Denominator cannot be 0.
0 block
Python try...except Block
The
try:
numerator = 10
denominator = 0
result = numerator/denominator
print(result)
except:
print("Error: Denominator cannot be 0.")
# Output: Error: Denominator cannot be 0.
0 block is used to handle exceptions in Python. Here's the syntax of
try:
numerator = 10
denominator = 0
result = numerator/denominator
print(result)
except:
print("Error: Denominator cannot be 0.")
# Output: Error: Denominator cannot be 0.
0 block:
try:
# code that may cause exception
except:
# code to run when exception occurs
Here, we have placed the code that might generate an exception inside the
try:
numerator = 10
denominator = 0
result = numerator/denominator
print(result)
except:
print("Error: Denominator cannot be 0.")
# Output: Error: Denominator cannot be 0.
3 block. Every
try:
numerator = 10
denominator = 0
result = numerator/denominator
print(result)
except:
print("Error: Denominator cannot be 0.")
# Output: Error: Denominator cannot be 0.
3 block is followed by an
try:
numerator = 10
denominator = 0
result = numerator/denominator
print(result)
except:
print("Error: Denominator cannot be 0.")
# Output: Error: Denominator cannot be 0.
5 block.
When an exception occurs, it is caught by the
try:
numerator = 10
denominator = 0
result = numerator/denominator
print(result)
except:
print("Error: Denominator cannot be 0.")
# Output: Error: Denominator cannot be 0.
5 block. The
try:
numerator = 10
denominator = 0
result = numerator/denominator
print(result)
except:
print("Error: Denominator cannot be 0.")
# Output: Error: Denominator cannot be 0.
5 block cannot be used without the try block.
Example: Exception Handling Using try...except
try:
numerator = 10
denominator = 0
result = numerator/denominator
print(result)
except:
print("Error: Denominator cannot be 0.")
# Output: Error: Denominator cannot be 0.
In the example, we are trying to divide a number by 0. Here, this code generates an exception.
To handle the exception, we have put the code,
try:
numerator = 10
denominator = 0
result = numerator/denominator
print(result)
except:
print("Error: Denominator cannot be 0.")
# Output: Error: Denominator cannot be 0.
8 inside the
try:
numerator = 10
denominator = 0
result = numerator/denominator
print(result)
except:
print("Error: Denominator cannot be 0.")
# Output: Error: Denominator cannot be 0.
3 block. Now when an exception occurs, the rest of the code inside the
try:
numerator = 10
denominator = 0
result = numerator/denominator
print(result)
except:
print("Error: Denominator cannot be 0.")
# Output: Error: Denominator cannot be 0.
3 block is skipped.
The
try:
numerator = 10
denominator = 0
result = numerator/denominator
print(result)
except:
print("Error: Denominator cannot be 0.")
# Output: Error: Denominator cannot be 0.
5 block catches the exception and statements inside the
try:
numerator = 10
denominator = 0
result = numerator/denominator
print(result)
except:
print("Error: Denominator cannot be 0.")
# Output: Error: Denominator cannot be 0.
5 block are executed.
If none of the statements in the
try:
numerator = 10
denominator = 0
result = numerator/denominator
print(result)
except:
print("Error: Denominator cannot be 0.")
# Output: Error: Denominator cannot be 0.
3 block generates an exception, the
try:
numerator = 10
denominator = 0
result = numerator/denominator
print(result)
except:
print("Error: Denominator cannot be 0.")
# Output: Error: Denominator cannot be 0.
5 block is skipped.
Catching Specific Exceptions in Python
For each
try:
numerator = 10
denominator = 0
result = numerator/denominator
print(result)
except:
print("Error: Denominator cannot be 0.")
# Output: Error: Denominator cannot be 0.
3 block, there can be zero or more
try:
numerator = 10
denominator = 0
result = numerator/denominator
print(result)
except:
print("Error: Denominator cannot be 0.")
# Output: Error: Denominator cannot be 0.
5 blocks. Multiple
try:
numerator = 10
denominator = 0
result = numerator/denominator
print(result)
except:
print("Error: Denominator cannot be 0.")
# Output: Error: Denominator cannot be 0.
5 blocks allow us to handle each exception differently.
The argument type of each
try:
numerator = 10
denominator = 0
result = numerator/denominator
print(result)
except:
print("Error: Denominator cannot be 0.")
# Output: Error: Denominator cannot be 0.
5 block indicates the type of exception that can be handled by it. For example,
try:
even_numbers = [2,4,6,8]
print(even_numbers[5])
except ZeroDivisionError:
print("Denominator cannot be 0.")
except IndexError:
print("Index Out of Bound.")
# Output: Index Out of Bound
In this example, we have created a list named even_numbers.
Since the list index starts from 0, the last element of the list is at index 3. Notice the statement,
print(even_numbers[5])
Here, we are trying to access a value to the index 5. Hence,
try:
even_numbers = [2,4,6,8]
print(even_numbers[5])
except ZeroDivisionError:
print("Denominator cannot be 0.")
except IndexError:
print("Index Out of Bound.")
# Output: Index Out of Bound
9 exception occurs.
When the
try:
even_numbers = [2,4,6,8]
print(even_numbers[5])
except ZeroDivisionError:
print("Denominator cannot be 0.")
except IndexError:
print("Index Out of Bound.")
# Output: Index Out of Bound
9 exception occurs in the
try:
numerator = 10
denominator = 0
result = numerator/denominator
print(result)
except:
print("Error: Denominator cannot be 0.")
# Output: Error: Denominator cannot be 0.
3 block,
- The
print(even_numbers[5])
2 exception is skipped. - The set of code inside the
try:
even_numbers = [2,4,6,8]
print(even_numbers[5])
except ZeroDivisionError:
print("Denominator cannot be 0.")
except IndexError:
print("Index Out of Bound.")
# Output: Index Out of Bound
9 exception is executed.
Python try with else clause
In some situations, we might want to run a certain block of code if the code block inside
try:
numerator = 10
denominator = 0
result = numerator/denominator
print(result)
except:
print("Error: Denominator cannot be 0.")
# Output: Error: Denominator cannot be 0.
3 runs without any errors.
For these cases, you can use the optional
print(even_numbers[5])
5 keyword with the
try:
numerator = 10
denominator = 0
result = numerator/denominator
print(result)
except:
print("Error: Denominator cannot be 0.")
# Output: Error: Denominator cannot be 0.
3 statement.
Let's look at an example:
# program to print the reciprocal of even numbers
try:
num = int(input("Enter a number: "))
assert num % 2 == 0
except:
print("Not an even number!")
else:
reciprocal = 1/num
print(reciprocal)
Output
If we pass an odd number:
Enter a number: 1
Not an even number!
If we pass an even number, the reciprocal is computed and displayed.
Enter a number: 4
0.25
However, if we pass 0, we get
print(even_numbers[5])
2 as the code block inside
print(even_numbers[5])
5 is not handled by preceding
try:
numerator = 10
denominator = 0
result = numerator/denominator
print(result)
except:
print("Error: Denominator cannot be 0.")
# Output: Error: Denominator cannot be 0.
5.
Enter a number: 0
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "", line 7, in
reciprocal = 1/num
ZeroDivisionError: division by zero
Note: Exceptions in the
print(even_numbers[5])
5 clause are not handled by the preceding except clauses.
Python try...finally
In Python, the
# program to print the reciprocal of even numbers
try:
num = int(input("Enter a number: "))
assert num % 2 == 0
except:
print("Not an even number!")
else:
reciprocal = 1/num
print(reciprocal)
1 block is always executed no matter whether there is an exception or not.
The
# program to print the reciprocal of even numbers
try:
num = int(input("Enter a number: "))
assert num % 2 == 0
except:
print("Not an even number!")
else:
reciprocal = 1/num
print(reciprocal)
1 block is optional. And, for each
try:
numerator = 10
denominator = 0
result = numerator/denominator
print(result)
except:
print("Error: Denominator cannot be 0.")
# Output: Error: Denominator cannot be 0.
3 block, there can be only one
# program to print the reciprocal of even numbers
try:
num = int(input("Enter a number: "))
assert num % 2 == 0
except:
print("Not an even number!")
else:
reciprocal = 1/num
print(reciprocal)
1 block.
Let's see an example,
try:
numerator = 10
denominator = 0
result = numerator/denominator
print(result)
except:
print("Error: Denominator cannot be 0.")
finally:
print("This is finally block.")
Output
Error: Denominator cannot be 0.
This is finally block.
In the above example, we are dividing a number by 0 inside the
try:
numerator = 10
denominator = 0
result = numerator/denominator
print(result)
except:
print("Error: Denominator cannot be 0.")
# Output: Error: Denominator cannot be 0.
3 block. Here, this code generates an exception.
When should a try except block be used Python?
The reason to use try/except is when you have a code block to execute that will sometimes run correctly and sometimes not, depending on conditions you can't foresee at the time you're writing the code.
What is the use of except keyword in Python?
The except keyword is used in try... except blocks. It defines a block of code to run if the try block raises an error. You can define different blocks for different error types, and blocks to execute if nothing went wrong, see examples below.
What does the except statement do?
The SQL EXCEPT statement returns those records from the left SELECT query, that are not present in the results returned by the SELECT query on the right side of the EXCEPT statement.
What code block is try except?
A Try-Except statement is a code block that allows your program to take alternative actions in case an error occurs. Python will first attempt to execute the code in the try statement (code block 1). If no exception occurs, the except statement is skipped and the execution of the try statement is finished.