Cara menggunakan requests request python example

Jadi saya baru-baru ini menemukan perpustakaan hebat ini untuk menangani permintaan HTTP dengan Python; ditemukan di sini //docs.python-requests.org/en/latest/index.html .

Saya suka bekerja dengannya, tapi saya tidak tahu cara menambahkan header ke permintaan dapatkan saya. Tolong?

Menurut api , header semua bisa diteruskan menggunakan requests.get:

r=requests.get["//www.example.com/", headers={"content-type":"text"}]

Tampaknya cukup mudah, menurut docs pada halaman yang Anda tautkan [penekanan milik saya].

requests.get [url, params = Tidak ada, tajuk = Tidak ada, cookie = Tidak ada, auth = Tidak ada, batas waktu = Tidak ada]

Mengirim permintaan GET. Mengembalikan objek Response.

Parameter:

• url - URL untuk objek Request baru.
• params - [opsional] Kamus Parameter GET untuk dikirim dengan Request.
• header - [opsional] Kamus HTTP Header untuk dikirim dengan Request.
• cookies - [opsional] objek CookieJar untuk dikirim dengan Request.
• auth - [opsional] AuthObject untuk mengaktifkan HTTP Auth Basic.
• timeout - [opsional] Float yang menggambarkan batas waktu permintaan.

Jawaban ini mengajari saya bahwa Anda dapat mengatur tajuk untuk seluruh sesi:

s = requests.Session[]
s.auth = ['user', 'pass']
s.headers.update[{'x-test': 'true'}]

# both 'x-test' and 'x-test2' are sent
s.get['//httpbin.org/headers', headers={'x-test2': 'true'}]

Bonus: Sesi juga menangani cookie.

Artikel kali ini adalah contoh praktis tentang bagaimana menggunakan requests library untuk mendapatkan data yang disediakan oleh sebuah public API.

Requests Library

Requests adalah sebuah HTTP library dalam bahasa pemrograman python dengan lisensi open source [Apache2]. Library ini menyediakan mekanisme untuk mengirimkan request ke suatu alamat web dengan protokol HTTP/1.1. Library ini menyediakan banyak kemudahan untuk menyesuaikan parameter pada isi request yang dikirim, baik header, form data, mulipart files dan parameter lainnya.

Public API

Public API [atau open API], sederhananya merupakan sebuah resource di Internet yang memberikan akses kepada publik untuk penggunaan servicenya melalui sebuah API [Application Programming Interface]. Pada contoh kali ini kita akan menggunakan API pada situs //www.exchangerate-api.com/ yang menyediakan data nilai tukar mata uang. Untuk mendapatkan data nilai tukar rupiah terhadap mata uang lainnya, maka kita dapat mengakses API tersebut pada alamat: //api.exchangerate-api.com/v4/latest/IDR

Contoh Kode

Contoh kode berikut mendemonstrasikan cara menggunakan library requests untuk mendapatkan nilai tukar rupiah terkini pada situs exhangerate-api.com. Kode sudah dilengkapi dengan komentar untuk memperjelas maknanya.

Penjelasan

Berikut adalah penjelasan untuk kode di atas:

1. Baris pertama pada kode adalah perintah untuk meng-import requests library.
2. Baris ketiga adalah inisialisasi variabel yang berisi alamat API yang akan diakses.
3. Pada baris keempat kita menggunakan requests untuk melakukan akses API pada alamat yang telah kita tentukan, kemudian menyimpan hasilnya [respon server] ke dalam variabel rslt. Variabel rslt ini bertipe data Response.
4. Pada baris keenam kita memeriksa apakah respon dari server adalah respon yang diinginkan. Caranya adalah dengan membandingkan rslt.status_code dengan requests.codes.ok [http status code 200]. Jika ya, kode akan dilanjutkan ke pemrosesan isi respon.
5. Hasil dari respon [rslt.text] sebenarnya merupakan teks dengan format JSON, untuk mengubahnya ke dalam tipe data dictionary, dapat menggunakan .json[] seperti ditunjukkan pada baris ketujuh.
6. Dengan tipe data dictionary, nilai dapat diakses menggunakan key-nya. Baris ke-8 mengambil seluruh nilai tukar dengan key ‘rates’ yang isinya juga berupa dictionary, kemudian diiterasi untuk menampilkan nilai tukar rupiah [IDR] terhadap masing-masing mata uang yang ada.

Sekian, semoga bermanfaat.

This post discusses two HTTP [Hypertext Transfer Protocol] request methods  GET and POST requests in Python and their implementation in python.

What is HTTP?
HTTP is a set of protocols designed to enable communication between clients and servers. It works as a request-response protocol between a client and server.
A web browser may be the client, and an application on a computer that hosts a website may be the server.

So, to request a response from the server, there are mainly two methods:

1. GET : to request data from the server.
2. POST : to submit data to be processed to the server.

Here is a simple diagram which explains the basic concept of GET and POST methods.

• httplib
• urllib
• requests

The most elegant and simplest of above listed libraries is Requests. We will be using requests library in this article. To download and install Requests library, use following command:

pip install requests

OR, download it from here and install manually.

Making a Get request

import requests

location = "delhi technological university"

PARAMS = {'address':location}

r = requests.get[url = URL, params = PARAMS]

data = r.json[]

latitude = data['results'][0]['geometry']['location']['lat']

longitude = data['results'][0]['geometry']['location']['lng']

formatted_address = data['results'][0]['formatted_address']

print["Latitude:%s\nLongitude:%s\nFormatted Address:%s"

      %[latitude, longitude,formatted_address]]

Output:

The above example finds latitude, longitude, and formatted address of a given location by sending a GET request to the Google Maps API. An API [Application Programming Interface] enables you to access the internal features of a program in a limited fashion. And in most cases, the data provided is in JSON[JavaScript Object Notation] format [which is implemented as dictionary objects in Python!].

Important points to infer :

• PARAMS = {'address':location}

  The URL for a GET request generally carries some parameters with it. For requests library, parameters can be defined as a dictionary. These parameters are later parsed down and added to the base url or the api-endpoint.
  To understand the parameters role, try to print r.url after the response object is created. You will see something like this:

  //maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/geocode/json?address=delhi+technological+university

  This is the actual URL on which GET request is made

• r = requests.get[url = URL, params = PARAMS]

  Here we create a response object ‘r’ which will store the request-response. We use requests.get[] method since we are sending a GET request. The two arguments we pass are url and the parameters dictionary.

• data = r.json[]

  Now, in order to retrieve the data from the response object, we need to convert the raw response content into a JSON type data structure. This is achieved by using json[] method. Finally, we extract the required information by parsing down the JSON type object.

Making a POST request

import requests

API_KEY = "XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX"

source_code =

data = {'api_dev_key':API_KEY,

        'api_option':'paste',

        'api_paste_code':source_code,

        'api_paste_format':'python'}

r = requests.post[url = API_ENDPOINT, data = data]

pastebin_url = r.text

print["The pastebin URL is:%s"%pastebin_url]

This example explains how to paste your source_code to pastebin.com by sending POST request to the PASTEBIN API.
First of all, you will need to generate an API key by signing up here and then access your API key here.

Important features of this code:

• data = {'api_dev_key':API_KEY,
          'api_option':'paste',
          'api_paste_code':source_code,
          'api_paste_format':'python'}

  Here again, we will need to pass some data to API server. We store this data as a dictionary.

• r = requests.post[url = API_ENDPOINT, data = data]

  Here we create a response object ‘r’ which will store the request-response. We use requests.post[] method since we are sending a POST request. The two arguments we pass are url and the data dictionary.

• pastebin_url = r.text

  In response, the server processes the data sent to it and sends the pastebin URL of your source_code which can be simply accessed by r.text .

requests.post method could be used for many other tasks as well like filling and submitting the web forms, posting on your FB timeline using the Facebook Graph API, etc.

Here are some important points to ponder upon:

• When the method is GET, all form data is encoded into the URL, appended to the action URL as query string parameters. With POST, form data appears within the message body of the HTTP request.
• In GET method, the parameter data is limited to what we can stuff into the request line [URL]. Safest to use less than 2K of parameters, some servers handle up to 64K.No such problem in POST method since we send data in message body of the HTTP request, not the URL.
• Only ASCII characters are allowed for data to be sent in GET method.There is no such restriction in POST method.
• GET is less secure compared to POST because data sent is part of the URL. So, GET method should not be used when sending passwords or other sensitive information.

This blog is contributed by Nikhil Kumar. If you like GeeksforGeeks and would like to contribute, you can also write an article using write.geeksforgeeks.org or mail your article to . See your article appearing on the GeeksforGeeks main page and help other Geeks.

Please write comments if you find anything incorrect, or you want to share more information about the topic discussed above.