Daftar Isi:
- Makalah ini berjudul “Analysis of Figurative Language Used In The SongLyrics of Lady Gaga’s Album “The Fame”. Ada dua tujuan dari penulisan yaitu,pertama adalah untuk mengidentifikasi jenis-jenis bahasa figurative yang terdapatdalam lirik lagu. Yang kedua adalah bertujuan untuk menganalisis makna daribahasa figurative yang disampaikan dalam lirik lagu Lady Gaga. Data diambil darialbum lagu Lady Gaga yang berjudul “The Fame”. Album ini dirilis pada tahun2008. Teori-teori yang digunakan dalam menganalisis tulisan ini yaitu, pertamaadalah teori yang diusulkan oleh K.L Knickerbocker & H.Williard Reninger [1963]yang mengusulkan jenis-jenis bahasa figuratif seperti simile, metaphor,personification, synecdoche, metonymy, hyperbole, irony, paradox, dead metaphor,dan allusion. Teori kedua diusulkan oleh Leech [1974] yang mengusulkan maknamaknabahasa figurative yaitu stylistic meaning, affective meaning, reflectivemeaning, locative meaning, dan thematic meaning. Hasil penulisan ini menunjukkanbahwa jenis bahasa figuratif yang diusulkan oleh K.L Knickerbocker & H.WilliardReninger [1963] yang digunakan pada lirik-lirik lagu dalam album ini adalahhyperbole dan metaphor. Selain itu hasil juga menunjukkan makna-makna bahasafiguratif yang diusulkan oleh Leech [1974] yang terdapat pada album lagu ini adalahconnotative meaning. Mereka adalah jenis-jenis dan makna bahasa figuratif yangditemukan dalam beberapa lirik lagu pada album ini.
Listening to your favorite music might be an enjoyable pastime, but analyzing a song lets you apply what you're learning in English class to a favorite composition. Figurative language, tone and theme are just a few literary devices you can practice identifying as you write about music. By analyzing these elements, you can gain a greater appreciation for the practical application of the tools of English to songwriting.
A. Social Function in a song
Song is purposed to communicate certain messages through a beautiful verses which can only be understood by deep reasoning and feeling.
B. Language Features in a song
1. Rhyme== is a repetition of similar sounds [not letters]
For example:
Well, you done done me and you bet I felt it
I tried to be chill but you’re so hot that I melted
I fell right through the crack
Now I’m trying to get back
2. Figurative language == is the use of words, phrase, or sentence to beautify or sometimes ti hide the meaning.
For example:
I tried to be chill but you’re so hot that I melted
3. Denotation and Connotation == Denotative is the real or the literal [dictionary definition]. Connotation is the hidden meaning.
C. Figurative language in a song
1. Simile
Ø a figure of speech in which one thing is explicitly compared to another, as in “she is like a rose.”
sebuah majas dimana suatu benda diperbandingan secaa eksplisit layaknya benda lain, biasanya menggunakan kata “bak”, “layaknya”, “seperti” misal Kau indah seperti purnama.
2. Metaphor
Ø a term or phrase is applied to something to which it is not literally applicable in order to suggest a resemblance, as in “I am a rock, I am an island” meaning I cannot be harmed and I am independent”.
Sebuah majas dimana sebuah istilah digunakan untuk menyamakan benda satu dengan yang lain dengan menghilangkan kata “bak”, “layaknya”, “seperti” dalam metaphora] Kau adalah purnama yang indah.
3. Onomatopoeia
Ø the formation of a word, as cuckoo, boom, buzz, zip, bang by imitation of a sound made by or associated with its referent.
Sebuah majas dimana menggunakan kata-kata yang mengambil istilah dari alam yang menggambarkan kata itu sendiri seperti “bum”, “dem”, dll misal Kecipak air menambah syahdunya malam ini.
4. Personification
Ø the attribution of a personal nature or character to inanimate objects or abstract notions Example: The sun opened its sleepy eyes and smiled down on the Earth as a new day began.
Suatu majas dimana menempatkan ciri benda hidup untuk menggambarkan benda tak hidup, misal rumput yang bergoyang]
5. Oxymoron
Ø A figure of speech in which a pair of opposite or contradictory terms are used together for emphasis. Example: Organized chaos, a wise fool
Majas yang menggunakan kata yang berlawanan misal “hidup matiku untukmu”
6. Paradox,
Ø A statement or proposition which is self-contradictory, unreasonable, or illogical. Example: There is no absolute truth.
Majas yang dalam maknanya menggunakan kalimat yang saling bertolak belakang, atau tidak logis misalkan tidak ada kebenaran yang mutlak padahal benar itu pasti mutlak adanya
7. Hyperbole
Ø A figure of speech which uses an extravagant or exaggerated statement to express strong feelings. Example: I’ve told you millions of times to go away.
Majas yang melebih-lebihkan misal berjuta kali ku mengatakan bahwa ku cinta kamu]
8. Extended Metaphor
Ø A metaphor that is continued over multiple sentences. Example: Suzie is a beautiful young flowering girl. Her cheeks are flush with the spring of life. She has the fragrance of youth about her.
Majas metafora yang digambarkan dengan kalimat- kalimat.
Below is an example of song analysis in “I’m Yours” lyrics.
| Verses | Figure of speech and meanings |
| I tried to be chill but you’re so hot that I melted | Ini adalah jenis metafora karena penyanyi mennggambarkan dirinya sendiri seperti es dan kekasihnya sebagai apinya. Sehingga ia merasa ‘leleh’. Penyanyi menyebut “Aku mencoba untuk dingin tetapi kau begitu panas sehingga aku meleleh”. Maksud dari penyanyi dengan ungkapan tersebut adalah bahwa seseorang telah memberikan pengaruh besar pada diri penyayi Seandainya penyanyi menyebutkan sehingga aku bagaikan meleleh, maka baris terbut akan menjadi simile karena menggunakan bagaikan This is a metaphore because he describes himself as ice and his lover as fire. If he had said “it was as if I melted” then it would be a simile, not a metaphore |
| I fell right through the cracks | Ini adalah jenis metafora karena seolah olah ia jatuh ke dalam kawah/ lobang. Maksud dari penyanyi adalah bahwa ia telah jatuh cinta. |
| and nothin's gonna stop me but divine intervention | Ini adalah jenis hiperbola. Penyanyi menyebut hanya campur tangan Tuhan yang bisa menghentikan cintanya, penyanyi terlalu melebih-lebihkan. Maksud dari penyanyi adalah bahwa ia benar- benar mencintai orang tersebut seolah tak ada yang bisa memisahkan mereka. This is a hyperbole. It probably would take something less than God’s intervention to make him change his mind about her. |
|
Well open up your mind and see like me open up your plans and damn you're free look into your heart and you'll find love love love love | Ini adalah metafora. Tidak mungkin kita bisa membuka pikiran kita atau hati ita [secara harfiah]. Apalagi untuk melihat isi pikiran dan hati kita [harfiah] tidaklah mungkin |
D. Analyzing meaning in a simple song
1. Pilihlah sebuah lagu yang asli [bukan terjemahan]. Pikirkan kedalaman emosi dalam lagu, tema, dan isu dalam lagu, juga dengan bahasa bahasa kiasan dalam lagu.
2. Dengarkan lagu tersebut sambil menggarisbawahi baris yang penting serta ungkapan- ungkapan yang mungkin bermakna lain dari yang sebenarnya [majas]. Pikirkan juga tentang pikiran- pikiran penulis
3. Carilah informasi seputar lagu tersebut ketika ditulis misalkan penulis lagu, tahun pembuatan, atau kejadian kejadian yang membentuk penciptaan lagu tersebut misal We Will not Go Down oleh Michael E Heart, yang diinspirasi tentang keadaan di Palestina yang diperangi oleh Israel.
4. Analisislah lagu tersebut dengan memperhatikan majas- majasnya dan tafsirkan dengan mengait- ngaitkan tiap baris dan tema lagu tersebut.
5. Tuliskan kesimpulan yang menitikberatkan pada tema utama dalam lagu tersebut. Tuliskan juga maksud yang ingin dicapai penulis lagu tersebut
Activity 1
Study the following song of “Set Fire to the Rain’ by Adele and analyze it by doing the instructions that follow!
I let it fall, my heart
And as it fell you rose to claim it
It was dark and I was over
Until you kissed my lips and you saved me
My hands, they’re strong
But my knees were far too weak,
To stand in your arms
Without falling to your feet
But there’s side to you
That I never knew never knew
All the things you’d say
They were never true never true
And the games you play
You would always win always win
[chorus:]
But I set fire to the rain
Watched it pour as I touched your face,
Well, it burned while I cried
‘Cause I heard it screaming out your name, your name!
When I lay with you
I could stay there
Close my eyes
Feel you here forever
You and me together
Nothing gets better
‘Cause there’s a side to you
That I never knew never knew
All the things you’d say
They were never true never true
And the games you play
You would always win always win
[chorus:]
But I set fire to the rain
Watched it pour as I touched your face,
Well, it burned while I cried
‘Cause I heard it screaming out your name, your name!
I set fire to the rain
And I threw us into the flames
When it fell, something died
‘Cause I knew that that was the last time, the last time!
Sometimes I wake up by the door
That heart you caught must be waiting for you
[chorus:]
But I set fire to the rain
Watched it pour as I touched your face,
Well, it burned while I cried
‘Cause I heard it screaming out your name, your name!
I set fire to the rain
And I threw us into the flames
When it fell, something died
‘Cause I knew that that was the last time, the last time!
Activity 2
Analyze the connotation and the denotation of each line in the lyrics! Cross the false one!
1. I let it fall, my heart [connotation / denotation]
2. Until you kissed my lips and you saved me [connotation / denotation]
3. My hands, they’re strong [connotation / denotation]
4. All the things you’d say [connotation / denotation]
5. And the games you play [connotation / denotation]
6. But I set fire to the rain [connotation / denotation]
7. ‘Cause I heard it screaming out your name, [connotation / denotation]
8. I could stay there [connotation / denotation]
9. Sometimes I wake up by the door [connotation / denotation]
10. And I threw us into the flames [connotation / denotation]
Activity 3
Analyze the figurative language in the following lines!
1. I let it fall, my heart
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2. And as it fell you rose to claim it
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3. It was dark and I was over
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4. I set fire to the rain
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5. it burned while I cried
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6. ‘Cause I heard it screaming out your name
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7. Feel you here forever
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8. And the games you play
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9. I threw us into the flames
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10. That heart you caught must be waiting for you
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Activity 4
Analyze the messages that the writer want to tell to you through the songs!
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