Whenever we are working with formulas there may be a need of writing the given formula in a given format which may require subscripts or superscripts. There are several methods available to print subscripts and superscripts in Python. We will be discussing two of them below –
Using maketrans[] and translate[] :
We can make two strings one for the normal characters and the other for the subscript/superscript characters. After this, we can use the maketrans[] method which returns a mapping that can be used with the translate[] method to replace the specified characters. It can be implemented for superscripts as
Python3
# function to convert to superscript
def
get_super[x]:
normal
=
"ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+-=[]"
H₂SO₄1
=
H₂SO₄3
H₂SO₄5
=
H₂SO₄7
H₂SO₄8
H₂SO₄9
H₂SO₄ x² + y² = 21
H₂SO₄ x² + y² = 22
H₂SO₄ x² + y² = 23
H₂SO₄ x² + y² = 24
H₂SO₄ x² + y² = 25
H₂SO₄ x² + y² = 26
H₂SO₄ x² + y² = 27
H₂SO₄ x² + y² = 28
H₂SO₄ x² + y² = 29
Output:
ᴳᵉᵉᵏˢᶠᵒʳᴳᵉᵉᵏˢ
And for subscripts, we can implement it as
Python3
# function to convert to superscript
0
def
# function to convert to superscript
2
normal
=
"ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+-=[]"
# function to convert to superscript
8=
def
0
H₂SO₄5
=
H₂SO₄7
H₂SO₄8
def
6
H₂SO₄ x² + y² = 21
H₂SO₄ x² + y² = 22
H₂SO₄ x² + y² = 23
get_super[x]:
1
H₂SO₄ x² + y² = 25
get_super[x]:
3get_super[x]:
4get_super[x]:
5get_super[x]:
6get_super[x]:
7get_super[x]:
8get_super[x]:
9
0
1
2 This article was co-authored by wikiHow staff writer, Travis Boylls. Travis Boylls is a Technology Writer and Editor for wikiHow. Travis has experience writing technology-related articles, providing software customer service, and in graphic design. He specializes in Windows, macOS, Android, iOS, and Linux platforms. He studied graphic design at Pikes Peak Community College.
The wikiHow Tech Team also followed the article's instructions and verified that they work.
This article has been viewed 4,461,792 times.
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In Windows, Alt key combined with numeric codes can access characters that aren't readily available on a normal keyboard. While Alt codes don't exist on Mac computers, there are a variety of Option key shortcuts that can let you type the most popular characters. On Linux, you can press Ctrl + Shift + U to type any Unicode character, as long as the font you're typing it in supports it.
Alt Key Symbol Cheat Sheets
Steps
Type currency symbols. Hold Alt and type the number below using the numeric pad on your keyboard. When you release Alt, the symbol will appear. NumLock must be enabled. Symbol Name Code €
Euro
0128
£Pound
156
¢Cent
155
¥Yen
157
ƒFlorin
159
¤Currency
0164
Type mathematics symbols. Hold Alt and type the number below using the numeric pad on your keyboard to insert mathematics symbols. When you release the Alt key, the symbol will appear. NumLock needs to be enabled. Symbol Name Code ÷
Division [Obelus]
246
×Multiplication
0215
±Plus or minus
0177
≈Approximate
247
√Square root
251
ⁿPower n
252
²Squared
253
¼Quarter
0188
½Half
0189
¾Three quarters
0190
∞Infinity
236
≥Greater than or equal
242
≤Less than or equal
243
πPi
227
°Degree
248
Type special punctuation and editing symbols. Hold Alt and use the numeric pad to enter the number below to create special punctuation symbols. When you let go of the Alt, the symbol will be inserted. NumLock must be enabled. Symbol Name Code ¡
Inverted exclamation
173
¿Inverted question
168
§Section
21
¶Paragraph
20
©Copyright
0169
®Registered
0174
™Trademark
0153
†Dagger
0134
‡Double dagger
0135
–En dash
0150
—Em dash
0151
•Bullet
0149
Type musical notation. Hold the Alt key and enter the number below using the numeric pad on your keyboard. When you release Alt, the musical symbol will appear. NumLock must be enabled for these to work. Symbols with codes between 9000 and 9999 rely on certain fonts, and may not work everywhere. Symbol Name Code ♪
Quarter note
13
♫Eighth note
14
♬Sixteenth note
9836
♭Flat
9837
♮Natural
9838
♯Sharp
9839
Type other miscellaneous symbols. Hold Alt and type the number below with the numeric pad. When you release Alt, the symbol will appear. NumLock has to be on. Symbol Name Code ☺
Smiley
1
☻Black Smiley
2
♥Heart
3
♦Diamond
4
♣Club
5
♠Spade
6
♂Male
11
♀Female
12
↑Up arrow
24
↓Down arrow
25
→Right arrow
26
←Left arrow
27
☼Sun
15
⌂Home
127
ΩOhms
234
Type currency symbols. When you hold ⌥ Opt or ⇧ Shift+⌥ Opt, your keyboard keys will make different symbols than normal. This includes some of the more popular currency symbols. Use the shortcuts below to type different currency symbols. Symbol NameShortcut¢
Cent
⌥ Opt+4
€Euro
⇧ Shift+⌥ Opt+2
£Pound
⌥ Opt+3
¥Yen
⌥ Opt+Y
ƒFlorin
⌥ Opt+F
Type mathematics symbols. Use ⌥ Opt or ⇧ Shift+⌥ Opt to modify the functions of your keyboard keys. Use the modifiers below to type different mathematics symbols. Symbol NameShortcut÷
Division [Obelus]
⌥ Opt+/
±Plus or minus
⇧ Shift+⌥ Opt+=
°Degree
⇧ Shift+⌥ Opt+8
≥Greater than or equal
⌥ Opt+>
≤Less than or equal
⌥ Opt+