Dari manakah asal biji jelaskan

Metode Menanam Benih

Daftar Isi [klik di bawah ini]

1. Metode A

Tanaman yang cara menanamnya menggunakan Metode A ini adalah:
Adas Manis [Anise], Bidara Arab, Binahong [Piahong], Bligo [Beligo/Bligu], Bunga Matahari, Delima, Gendola [Binahong Merah], Jeruk Lemon / Sitrun, Jeruk Limo / Limau, Jeruk Mandarin, Jeruk Nagami / Kumquat, Jeruk Nipis, Jeruk Purut, Jeruk Rambat, Jeruk Santang, Jeruk Sunkist, Kelabat [Klabet], Kelor, Kiwano, Kurma, Labu botol [Labu air], Labu Madu, Labu Marrow Fatboy, Labu Mini, Labu Parang/Kuning, Labu Siam/Hijau, Melon, Nangka, Oyong [Gambas], Pare [Peria], Pare Belut/Ular, Pepaya, Perilla [Shiso], Rhubarb, Semangka, Sorgum.

Cara menanam menggunakan Metode A seperti berikut ini.

Sebelum benih digerminasi atau disemai langsung atau ditanam langsung, rendam terlebih dulu benih dengan air hangat selama beberapa menit atau beberapa jam untuk membangunkan benih [mempercepat berkecambah] sekaligus menghilangkan fungisida yang menempel.

Masing-masing tanaman membutuhkan waktu merendam yang berbeda-beda, ada yang hanya beberapa menit, beberapa jam, juga ada yang beberapa hari, bergantung jenis benih dan jenis tanamannya.

Air yang digunakan untuk merendam benih adalah air biasa atau air bawang merah atau air + ZPT [Zat Pengatur Tumbuh].

Yang perlu diperhatikan dalam merendam benih adalah ukuran benihnya serta lunak/kerasnya kulit benih tersebut. Pada umumnya semakin kecil benihnya dan semakin lunak kulit benihnya, maka waktu merendamnya semakin pendek. Misalkan benih seledri sebaiknya hanya direndam maksimal 1 jam [60 menit] menggunakan air hangat.

Germinasi benih atau perkecambahan benih adalah proses membuat agar benihnya mengeluarkan tunas [berkecambah] atau menjadikan benih bertunas/berkecambah.
Jadi setelah benih direndam kemudian ditiris [dientaskan], maka dilakukan germinasi benih menggunakan tisu atau kapas atau kain, dibiarkan/dirawat beberapa hari sampai muncul kecambah/tunasnya sekitar 0,5 - 2 cm, baru kemudian disemai.

1.3. Penyemaian Benih Bertunas

Penyemaian benih bertunas adalah menyebar / menyemai / menanam benih di media/tempat semai sampai benih/bibit tersebut tumbuh cukup besar, yaitu memiliki 3-6 helai daun. Setelah itu barulah bibit tersebut ditanam di tempat yang sesungguhnya [tempat yang tentunya sudah dipersiapkan].

Setelah bibit tumbuh cukup besar [memiliki 3-6 helai daun], maka bibit tersebut dipindahkan ke media tanam [tempat menanam yang telah dipersiapkan], kemudian dirawat/dipelihara [disiram dstnya] sampai panen.

2. Metode B

Sebelum benih digerminasi atau disemai langsung atau ditanam langsung, rendam terlebih dulu benih dengan air hangat selama beberapa menit atau beberapa jam untuk membangunkan benih [mempercepat berkecambah] sekaligus menghilangkan fungisida yang menempel.

Masing-masing tanaman membutuhkan waktu merendam yang berbeda-beda, ada yang hanya beberapa menit, beberapa jam, juga ada yang beberapa hari, bergantung jenis benih dan jenis tanamannya.

Air yang digunakan untuk merendam benih adalah air biasa atau air bawang merah atau air + ZPT [Zat Pengatur Tumbuh].

Yang perlu diperhatikan dalam merendam benih adalah ukuran benihnya serta lunak/kerasnya kulit benih tersebut. Pada umumnya semakin kecil benihnya dan semakin lunak kulit benihnya, maka waktu merendamnya semakin pendek. Misalkan benih seledri sebaiknya hanya direndam maksimal 1 jam [60 menit] menggunakan air hangat.

Germinasi benih atau perkecambahan benih adalah proses membuat agar benihnya mengeluarkan tunas [berkecambah] atau menjadikan benih bertunas/berkecambah.
Jadi setelah benih direndam kemudian ditiris [dientaskan], maka dilakukan germinasi benih menggunakan tisu atau kapas atau kain, dibiarkan/dirawat beberapa hari sampai muncul kecambah/tunasnya sekitar 0,5 - 2 cm, baru kemudian ditanam.

2.3. Langsung Tanam Benih Bertunas

Pada Metode B ini, setelah benih mengeluarkan tunas, selanjutnya tidak dilakukan proses semai. Tetapi langsung dilakukan proses penanaman, yaitu benih yang sudah bertunas sekitar 0,5 - 2 cm tersebut dipindahkan / dimasukkan [ditanamkan] ke media tanam [tempat menanam yang telah dipersiapkan], kemudian dirawat/dipelihara [disiram dstnya] sampai panen.

3. Metode C

Tanaman yang cara menanamnya menggunakan Metode C ini adalah:
Artichoke, Asam, Asparagus, Belimbing Manis, Belimbing Wuluh, Bengkuang, Blewah, Cabai Besar/Keriting, Cabai Habanero [Cabai Gendol], Cabai Rawit, Cabai Superpedas, Cabai Unik, Celeriac [Seledri Akar], Coklat [Kakao], Jambu Biji, Jambu Monyet [Mede], Jarak, Jintan Hitam, Jintan Putih, Kacang Bogor, Kacang Gude, Kacang Kapri, Kacang Tanah, Kecombrang [Honje], Kembang Kol, Ketepeng, Ketumbar, Lamtoro, Mentimun, Mentimun Suri, Miracle Berry, Okra [Bendi], Papikra, Peterseli [Parsley], Ranti [Leunca/Lenca], Rosemary, Sawo Kecik, Sawo Manila, Seledri, Sirsak, Srikaya, Swiss Chard, Takokak [Rimbang], Telang, Terong, Zukini [Zucchini].

Cara menanam menggunakan Metode C seperti berikut ini.

Sebelum benih digerminasi atau disemai langsung atau ditanam langsung, rendam terlebih dulu benih dengan air hangat selama beberapa menit atau beberapa jam untuk membangunkan benih [mempercepat berkecambah] sekaligus menghilangkan fungisida yang menempel.

Masing-masing tanaman membutuhkan waktu merendam yang berbeda-beda, ada yang hanya beberapa menit, beberapa jam, juga ada yang beberapa hari, bergantung jenis benih dan jenis tanamannya.

Air yang digunakan untuk merendam benih adalah air biasa atau air bawang merah atau air + ZPT [Zat Pengatur Tumbuh].

Yang perlu diperhatikan dalam merendam benih adalah ukuran benihnya serta lunak/kerasnya kulit benih tersebut. Pada umumnya semakin kecil benihnya dan semakin lunak kulit benihnya, maka waktu merendamnya semakin pendek. Misalkan benih seledri sebaiknya hanya direndam maksimal 1 jam [60 menit] menggunakan air hangat.

3.2. Langsung Semai Benih

Pada Metode C ini tidak dilakukan khusus germinasi benih, sehingga benih langsung disemai, dengan kata lain proses germinasi benih dan proses semainya berada pada media/wadah yang sama.
Jadi setelah benih direndam kemudian ditiris [dientaskan], maka langsung dilakukan penyemaian benih yaitu menyebar / menyemai / menanam benih di media/tempat semai sampai benih/bibit tersebut tumbuh cukup besar, yaitu memiliki 3-6 helai daun. Setelah itu barulah bibit tersebut ditanam di tempat yang sesungguhnya [tempat yang tentunya sudah dipersiapkan].

Setelah bibit tumbuh cukup besar [memiliki 3-6 helai daun], maka bibit tersebut dipindahkan ke media tanam [tempat menanam yang telah dipersiapkan], kemudian dirawat/dipelihara [disiram dstnya] sampai panen.

4. Metode D

Tanaman yang cara menanamnya menggunakan Metode D ini adalah:
Kacang Panjang.

Cara menanam menggunakan Metode D seperti berikut ini.

Sebelum benih digerminasi atau disemai langsung atau ditanam langsung, rendam terlebih dulu benih dengan air hangat selama beberapa menit atau beberapa jam untuk membangunkan benih [mempercepat berkecambah] sekaligus menghilangkan fungisida yang menempel.

Masing-masing tanaman membutuhkan waktu merendam yang berbeda-beda, ada yang hanya beberapa menit, beberapa jam, juga ada yang beberapa hari, bergantung jenis benih dan jenis tanamannya.

Air yang digunakan untuk merendam benih adalah air biasa atau air bawang merah atau air + ZPT [Zat Pengatur Tumbuh].

Yang perlu diperhatikan dalam merendam benih adalah ukuran benihnya serta lunak/kerasnya kulit benih tersebut. Pada umumnya semakin kecil benihnya dan semakin lunak kulit benihnya, maka waktu merendamnya semakin pendek. Misalkan benih seledri sebaiknya hanya direndam maksimal 1 jam [60 menit] menggunakan air hangat.

4.2. Langsung Tanam Benih

Pada Metode D ini tidak dilakukan germinasi benih maupun semai benih, sehingga benih langsung ditanam.
Jadi setelah benih direndam kemudian ditiris [dientaskan], maka langsung dilakukan penanaman benih yaitu menanam benih di media/tempat tanam [tempat menanam yang telah dipersiapkan], kemudian dirawat/dipelihara [disiram dstnya] sampai panen.

5. Metode E

Cara menanam menggunakan Metode E seperti berikut ini.

5.1. Langsung Germinasi Benih

Germinasi benih atau perkecambahan benih adalah proses membuat agar benihnya mengeluarkan tunas [berkecambah] atau menjadikan benih bertunas/berkecambah.
Benih tidak perlu direndam, jadi langsung dilakukan germinasi benih menggunakan tisu atau kapas atau kain, dibiarkan/dirawat beberapa hari sampai muncul kecambah/tunasnya sekitar 0,5 - 2 cm, baru kemudian disemai.

5.2. Penyemaian Benih Bertunas

Penyemaian benih bertunas adalah menyebar / menyemai / menanam benih di media/tempat semai sampai benih/bibit tersebut tumbuh cukup besar, yaitu memiliki 3-6 helai daun. Setelah itu barulah bibit tersebut ditanam di tempat yang sesungguhnya [tempat yang tentunya sudah dipersiapkan].

Setelah bibit tumbuh cukup besar [memiliki 3-6 helai daun], maka bibit tersebut dipindahkan ke media tanam [tempat menanam yang telah dipersiapkan], kemudian dirawat/dipelihara [disiram dstnya] sampai panen.

6. Metode F

61. Langsung Germinasi Benih

Germinasi benih atau perkecambahan benih adalah proses membuat agar benihnya mengeluarkan tunas [berkecambah] atau menjadikan benih bertunas/berkecambah.
Benih tidak perlu direndam, jadi langsung dilakukan germinasi benih menggunakan tisu atau kapas atau kain, dibiarkan/dirawat beberapa hari sampai muncul kecambah/tunasnya sekitar 0,5 - 2 cm, baru kemudian ditanam.

Setelah bibit tumbuh cukup besar [memiliki 3-6 helai daun], maka bibit tersebut dipindahkan ke media tanam [tempat menanam yang telah dipersiapkan], kemudian dirawat/dipelihara [disiram dstnya] sampai panen.

7. Metode G

Tanaman yang cara menanamnya menggunakan Metode G ini adalah:
Adas Fennel, Adas Sowa [Dill], Anting Anting, Arugula, Bawang Daun, Bawang Kucai, Bayam, Bit, Brokoli, Buncis, Chamomile, Ciplukan, Cucamelon, Endive [Chicory], Jagung, Jambu Air, Kacang Edamame, Kacang Kedelai, Kacang Koro / Kara, Kacang Merah, Kacang Tunggak, Kailan, Kale, Kangkung, Kapas, Kecipir, Kemangi, Kenikir, Kohlrabi, Kol / Kubis, Kol / Kubis Brussel [Mini], Lada [Merica], Lobak, Mahkota Dewa, Marjoram, Markisa, Mimba, Mint, Mizuna, Mustard, Oregano, Pacing, Pakcoy [Sawi Daging], Rosela, Savory, Sawi Hijau/Manis [Caisim], Sawi Pagoda, Sawi Pahit, Sawi Putih [Petsai], Selada, Selasih [Basil], Shungiku, Sorrel, Stevia [Daun Manis], Tarragon, Thyme, Tomat, Turnip, Wijen, Wortel.

Cara menanam menggunakan Metode G seperti berikut ini.

7.1. Langsung Semai Benih

Pada Metode E ini benih tidak direndam, sehingga benih langsung disemai, dengan kata lain proses germinasi benih dan proses semainya berada pada media/wadah yang sama.
Jadi benih/biji langsung disemai/disebar di media/tempat semai sampai benih tersebut tumbuh cukup besar, yaitu memiliki 3-6 helai daun. Setelah itu barulah bibit tersebut ditanam di tempat yang sesungguhnya [tempat yang tentunya sudah dipersiapkan].

Setelah bibit tumbuh cukup besar [memiliki 3-6 helai daun], maka bibit tersebut dipindahkan ke media tanam [tempat menanam yang telah dipersiapkan], kemudian dirawat/dipelihara [disiram dstnya] sampai panen.

8. Metode H

Cara menanam menggunakan Metode H seperti berikut ini.

8.1. Langsung Tanam Benih

Pada Metode F ini, benih tidak direndam maupun di semai, sehingga benih langsung ditanam.
Jadi benih/biji langsung ditanam di media/tempat tanam [tempat menanam yang telah dipersiapkan], kemudian dirawat/dipelihara [disiram dstnya] sampai panen.

9. Metode I

Cara menanam menggunakan Metode I seperti berikut ini.

Sebelum benih distratifikasi atau disemai langsung atau ditanam langsung, rendam terlebih dulu benih dengan air hangat selama beberapa menit atau beberapa jam untuk membangunkan benih [mempercepat berkecambah] sekaligus menghilangkan fungisida yang menempel.

Masing-masing tanaman membutuhkan waktu merendam yang berbeda-beda, ada yang hanya beberapa menit, beberapa jam, juga ada yang beberapa hari, bergantung jenis benih dan jenis tanamannya.

Air yang digunakan untuk merendam benih adalah air biasa atau air bawang merah atau air + ZPT [Zat Pengatur Tumbuh].

Yang perlu diperhatikan dalam merendam benih adalah ukuran benihnya serta lunak/kerasnya kulit benih tersebut. Pada umumnya semakin kecil benihnya dan semakin lunak kulit benihnya, maka waktu merendamnya semakin pendek. Misalkan benih seledri sebaiknya hanya direndam maksimal 1 jam [60 menit] menggunakan air hangat.

Beberapa jenis benih yang dulunya berasal dari daerah yang memiliki 4 musim [musim panas, gugur, dingin, semi] membutuhkan perlakuan khusus agar benih dapat bertunas / berkecambah secara optimal.

Benih-benih tersebut biasanya "tidur" selama musim gugur dan musim dingin kemudian bertunas menjelang atau saat musim semi [saat suhu mulai menghangat].

Untuk benih semacam ini agar bertunas dilakukan stratifikasi benih yaitu diciptakan lingkungan benih sesuai dengan habitatnya [sesuai dengan lingkungan asal benih tersebut].

Jadi setelah benih direndam kemudian ditiris [dientaskan], maka dilakukan stratifikasi benih menggunakan tisu atau kapas, kemudian dimasukkan ke kantong plastik tertutup. Selanjutnya dimasukkan ke kulkas [jangan di freezernya], dibiarkan/dirawat beberapa minggu/bulan sampai muncul kecambah/tunasnya, baru kemudian disemai.

9.3. Penyemaian Benih Bertunas

Penyemaian benih bertunas adalah menyebar / menyemai / menanam benih di media/tempat semai sampai benih/bibit tersebut tumbuh cukup besar, yaitu memiliki 3-6 helai daun. Setelah itu barulah bibit tersebut ditanam di tempat yang sesungguhnya [tempat yang tentunya sudah dipersiapkan].

Setelah bibit tumbuh cukup besar [memiliki 3-6 helai daun], maka bibit tersebut dipindahkan ke media tanam [tempat menanam yang telah dipersiapkan], kemudian dirawat/dipelihara [disiram dstnya] sampai panen.

10. Metode J

Tanaman yang cara menanamnya menggunakan Metode J ini adalah:
Catnip, Pir.

Cara menanam menggunakan Metode J seperti berikut ini.

Beberapa jenis benih yang dulunya berasal dari daerah yang memiliki 4 musim [musim panas, gugur, dingin, semi] membutuhkan perlakuan khusus agar benih dapat bertunas / berkecambah secara optimal.

Benih-benih tersebut biasanya "tidur" selama musim gugur dan musim dingin kemudian bertunas menjelang atau saat musim semi [saat suhu mulai menghangat].

Untuk benih semacam ini agar bertunas dilakukan stratifikasi benih yaitu diciptakan lingkungan benih sesuai dengan habitatnya [sesuai dengan lingkungan asal benih tersebut].

Stratifikasi benih menggunakan tisu atau kapas, kemudian dimasukkan ke kantong plastik tertutup. Selanjutnya dimasukkan ke kulkas [jangan di freezernya] sampai waktu tertentu [bergantung jenis benihnya].

Sebelum benih disemai langsung atau ditanam langsung, rendam terlebih dulu benih dengan air hangat selama beberapa menit atau beberapa jam untuk membangunkan benih [mempercepat berkecambah] sekaligus menghilangkan fungisida yang menempel.

Masing-masing tanaman membutuhkan waktu merendam yang berbeda-beda, ada yang hanya beberapa menit, beberapa jam, juga ada yang beberapa hari, bergantung jenis benih dan jenis tanamannya.

Air yang digunakan untuk merendam benih adalah air biasa atau air bawang merah atau air + ZPT [Zat Pengatur Tumbuh].

Yang perlu diperhatikan dalam merendam benih adalah ukuran benihnya serta lunak/kerasnya kulit benih tersebut. Pada umumnya semakin kecil benihnya dan semakin lunak kulit benihnya, maka waktu merendamnya semakin pendek. Misalkan benih seledri sebaiknya hanya direndam maksimal 1 jam [60 menit] menggunakan air hangat.

Setelah benih direndam kemudian ditiris [dientaskan], baru kemudian disemai.

10.3. Penyemaian Benih Bertunas

Penyemaian benih bertunas adalah menyebar / menyemai / menanam benih di media/tempat semai sampai benih/bibit tersebut tumbuh cukup besar, yaitu memiliki 3-6 helai daun. Setelah itu barulah bibit tersebut ditanam di tempat yang sesungguhnya [tempat yang tentunya sudah dipersiapkan].

Setelah bibit tumbuh cukup besar [memiliki 3-6 helai daun], maka bibit tersebut dipindahkan ke media tanam [tempat menanam yang telah dipersiapkan], kemudian dirawat/dipelihara [disiram dstnya] sampai panen.

11. Metode K

Tanaman yang cara menanamnya menggunakan Metode K ini adalah:
Lavender.

Cara menanam menggunakan Metode K seperti berikut ini.

Beberapa jenis benih yang dulunya berasal dari daerah yang memiliki 4 musim [musim panas, gugur, dingin, semi] membutuhkan perlakuan khusus agar benih dapat bertunas / berkecambah secara optimal.

Benih-benih tersebut biasanya "tidur" selama musim gugur dan musim dingin kemudian bertunas menjelang atau saat musim semi [saat suhu mulai menghangat].

Untuk benih semacam ini agar bertunas dilakukan stratifikasi benih yaitu diciptakan lingkungan benih sesuai dengan habitatnya [sesuai dengan lingkungan asal benih tersebut].

Jadi setelah benih direndam kemudian ditiris [dientaskan], maka dilakukan stratifikasi benih menggunakan tisu atau kapas, kemudian dimasukkan ke kantong plastik tertutup. Selanjutnya dimasukkan ke kulkas [jangan di freezernya], dibiarkan/dirawat beberapa minggu/bulan sampai muncul kecambah/tunasnya, baru kemudian disemai.

11.2. Penyemaian Benih Bertunas

Penyemaian benih bertunas adalah menyebar / menyemai / menanam benih di media/tempat semai sampai benih/bibit tersebut tumbuh cukup besar, yaitu memiliki 3-6 helai daun. Setelah itu barulah bibit tersebut ditanam di tempat yang sesungguhnya [tempat yang tentunya sudah dipersiapkan].

Setelah bibit tumbuh cukup besar [memiliki 3-6 helai daun], maka bibit tersebut dipindahkan ke media tanam [tempat menanam yang telah dipersiapkan], kemudian dirawat/dipelihara [disiram dstnya] sampai panen.

Page 2

Method of Planting Seeds

Table of Contents [click below]

1. A Method

Plants whose planting procedures use the A method are:
Anise [Aniseed], Jujube, Heartleaf, Wax Gourd [Baligo], Sunflower, Pomegranate, Malabar Spinach [Gendola], Lemon, Lime [Citrus amblycarpa], Mandarin Tangerines, Nagami / Kumquat Oranges, Limes [Citrus aurantifolia], Limes [Citrus x hystrix], Spread Oranges, Santang Oranges, Sunkist Oranges, Fenugreek [Wild clover], Moringa, Horned Melon, Date Palm, Bottle Gourd [Water Pumpkin], Honey Squash, Fatboy Marrow Pumpkin, Mini Pumpkin, Pumpkin, Chayote [Green Pumpkin], Melon, Jackfruit, Gourd, Bitter Gourd, Eel Gourd [Snake Gourd], Papaya, Perilla frutescens, Rhubarb, Watermelon, Buckwheat [Sorghum].

The planting procedure uses the A method as follows.

Before the seeds are germinated or sown directly or planted directly, soak the seeds in warm water for a few minutes or a few hours to wake the seeds [accelerate germination] while removing the attached fungicides.

Each plant requires different soaking time, some are only a few minutes, several hours, some are also several days, depending on the type of seed and type of plant.

The water used to soak the seeds is normal water or onion water or water + ZPT [Growth Regulatory Substances].

Noteworthy in soaking seeds is the size of the seed and the softness of the seed coat. In general the smaller the seed and the softer the seed coat, the soaking time is shorter. For example celery seeds should only be soaked for a maximum of 1 hour [60 minutes] using warm water.

1.2. Germination of Seeds

Germination of seeds or germination of seeds is the process of making the seeds shoot out [germinate] or make the seeds sprout / germinate.
So after the seeds are soaked and then sliced [stung], the seeds are germinated using tissue or cotton or cloth, left / cared for several days until the sprouts / buds appear around 0.5 - 2 cm, then sowing.

1.3. Seeding Seeds Sprout

Seeding sprouting seeds is spreading / sowing / planting seeds in the media / seedling place until the seeds grow large enough, which has 3-6 leaves. After that, the seedlings will be planted in a real place [a place that must have been prepared].

After the seedlings have grown quite large [have 3-6 leaves], the seedlings are transferred to the planting medium [where the planting has been prepared], then treated / nurtured [watered etc.] until harvest.

2. B Method

Before the seeds are germinated or sown directly or planted directly, soak the seeds in warm water for a few minutes or a few hours to wake the seeds [accelerate germination] while removing the attached fungicides.

Each plant requires different soaking time, some are only a few minutes, several hours, some are also several days, depending on the type of seed and type of plant.

The water used to soak the seeds is normal water or onion water or water + ZPT [Growth Regulatory Substances].

Noteworthy in soaking seeds is the size of the seed and the softness of the seed coat. In general the smaller the seed and the softer the seed coat, the soaking time is shorter. For example celery seeds should only be soaked for a maximum of 1 hour [60 minutes] using warm water.

2.2. Germination of Seeds

Germination of seeds or germination of seeds is the process of making the seeds shoot out [germinate] or make the seeds sprout / germinate.
So after the seeds are soaked and then sliced [dientkan], then the seeds are germinated using tissue or cotton or cloth, left / treated for several days until the sprouts / buds appear around 0.5 - 2 cm, then planted.

2.3. Directly Planting Seedlings

In this Method B, after the seeds shoot out, then the seedlings are not carried out. But the planting process is immediately carried out, ie the seeds that have sprouted about 0.5 - 2 cm are moved / inserted [implanted] into the planting medium [where planting has been prepared], then cared / nurtured [watered etc.] until harvest.

3. C Method

Plants whose planting procedures use the C method are:
Artichoke, Tamarind, Asparagus, Carambola, Starfruit, Yambean [Jicama], Cantaloupe, Large Chili [Curly Chili], Habanero Chili, Cayenne pepper, Super spicy Chili, Unique Chili, Celeriac [Root Celery], Chocolate [Cocoa], Guava, Cashew Fruit, Castor Plants, Black Caraway [Black Cumin], White Cumin, Bogor Beans, Pigeon Peas [Gude Beans], Snow Pea, Peanuts, Torch Ginger [Wild Ginger], Cauliflower, Cassia alata [Ketepeng], Coriander, White Leadtree [Leucaena leucocephala], Cucumber, Queen Cucumber, Miracle Berries, Okra, Peppers, Parsley, Black Nightshade [Solanum nigrum], Rosemary, Wongai Plum [Manilkara kauki], Sapodilla, Celery, Soursop, Sugar Apple [Srikaya], Swiss Chard, Turkey Berry [Mini-eggplant], Asian Pigeonwings [Clitoria ternatea], Eggplant, Zucchini Squash.

The planting procedure uses the C method as follows.

Before the seeds are germinated or sown directly or planted directly, soak the seeds in warm water for a few minutes or a few hours to wake the seeds [accelerate germination] while removing the attached fungicides.

Each plant requires different soaking time, some are only a few minutes, several hours, some are also several days, depending on the type of seed and type of plant.

The water used to soak the seeds is normal water or onion water or water + ZPT [Growth Regulatory Substances].

Noteworthy in soaking seeds is the size of the seed and the softness of the seed coat. In general the smaller the seed and the softer the seed coat, the soaking time is shorter. For example celery seeds should only be soaked for a maximum of 1 hour [60 minutes] using warm water.

3.2. Directly Seeding Seeds

In Method C this is not specifically done germination of seeds, so that the seeds are directly sown, in other words the process of germination of seeds and the process of seeding are in the same media / container.
So after the seeds are soaked and then sliced [stung], the seedlings will immediately be carried out, namely spreading / sowing / planting seeds in the media / seedling place until the seeds grow large enough, which has 3-6 leaves. After that, the seedlings will be planted in a real place [a place that must have been prepared].

After the seedlings have grown quite large [have 3-6 leaves], the seedlings are transferred to the planting medium [where the planting has been prepared], then treated / nurtured [watered etc.] until harvest.

4. D Method

Plants whose planting procedures use the D method are:
Yardlong Bean.

The planting procedure uses the D method as follows.

Before the seeds are germinated or sown directly or planted directly, soak the seeds in warm water for a few minutes or a few hours to wake the seeds [accelerate germination] while removing the attached fungicides.

Each plant requires different soaking time, some are only a few minutes, several hours, some are also several days, depending on the type of seed and type of plant.

The water used to soak the seeds is normal water or onion water or water + ZPT [Growth Regulatory Substances].

Noteworthy in soaking seeds is the size of the seed and the softness of the seed coat. In general the smaller the seed and the softer the seed coat, the soaking time is shorter. For example celery seeds should only be soaked for a maximum of 1 hour [60 minutes] using warm water.

4.2. Directly Planting Seeds

This method does not germinate seeds or seedlings in Method D, so seeds are immediately planted.
So after the seeds are soaked then sliced [dientkan], then planting seeds will be carried out immediately ie planting the seeds in the media / planting place [planted place that has been prepared], then cared / nurtured [watered etc.] until harvest.

5. E Method

The planting procedure uses the E method as follows.

5.1. Directly Germination of Seeds

Germination of seeds or germination of seeds is the process of making the seeds shoot out [germinate] or make the seeds sprout / germinate.
The seeds do not need to be soaked, so germination of seeds is done immediately using tissue or cotton or cloth, left / treated for several days until the sprouts / buds appear around 0.5 - 2 cm, then sowing.

5.2. Seeding Seeds Sprout

Seeding sprouting seeds is spreading / sowing / planting seeds in the media / seedling place until the seeds grow large enough, which has 3-6 leaves. After that, the seedlings will be planted in a real place [a place that must have been prepared].

After the seedlings have grown quite large [have 3-6 leaves], the seedlings are transferred to the planting medium [where the planting has been prepared], then treated / nurtured [watered etc.] until harvest.

6. F Method

61. Directly Germination of Seeds

Germination of seeds or germination of seeds is the process of making the seeds shoot out [germinate] or make the seeds sprout / germinate.
The seeds do not need to be soaked, so the seeds are germinated immediately using tissue or cotton or cloth, left / cared for a few days until the sprouts appear about 0.5 - 2 cm, then planted.

After the seedlings have grown quite large [have 3-6 leaves], the seedlings are transferred to the planting medium [where the planting has been prepared], then treated / nurtured [watered etc.] until harvest.

7. G Method

Plants whose planting procedures use the G method are:
Fennel, Dill [Fennel Sowa], Earring plants [Acalypha australis], Arugula, Leeks, Chives, Spinach, Beet, Broccoli, Chickpeas, Chamomile, Gooseberry, Mouse melon [Cucamelon], Endive [Cichorium endivia], Corn, Water Apple, Edamame Beans, Soybeans, Jack Bean [Canavalia ensiformis], Red Beans, Cowpea, Chinese Broccoli, Kale, Swamp Cabbage, Cotton, Winged Bean, Basil, Wild Cosmos [Kenikir], Kohlrabi, Cabbage, Brussels Cabbage, Pepper, Radish, Crown of God, Marjoram, Passion Fruit, Neem [Mimba], Mint, Mizuna [Mustard Greens], Mustard, Oregano Spices, Pacing, Chinese Cabbage [Pak-choi], Roselle, Savory, Mustard Greens, Mustard Spinach [Pagoda Mustard], Bitter Mustard, Chinese cabbage [Petsai], Lettuce, Sweet Basil, Edible Chrysanthemum, Dock [Sorrel], Stevia [Sweet Leaf], Estragon [Tarragon], Thyme, Tomato, Turnip, Sesame, Carrot.

The planting procedure uses the G method as follows.

7.1. Directly Seeding Seeds

In this Method E the seeds are not soaked, so the seeds are directly sown, in other words the seed germination process and the seedling process are in the same media / container.
So the seed / seed is directly sown / spread in the media / seedling place until the seed grows quite large, which has 3-6 leaves. After that, the seedlings will be planted in a real place [a place that must have been prepared].

After the seedlings have grown quite large [have 3-6 leaves], the seedlings are transferred to the planting medium [where the planting has been prepared], then treated / nurtured [watered etc.] until harvest.

8. H Method

The planting procedure uses the H method as follows.

8.1. Directly Planting Seeds

In this Method F, the seed is neither soaked nor seeded, so the seed is immediately planted.
So the seed is directly planted in the media / place of planting [where planting has been prepared], then cared for / nurtured [watered etc.] until harvest.

9. I Method

The planting procedure uses the I method as follows.

Before the seeds are stratified or sown directly or planted directly, soak the seeds in warm water for a few minutes or a few hours to wake the seeds [accelerate germination] while removing the attached fungicides.

Each plant requires different soaking time, some are only a few minutes, several hours, some are also several days, depending on the type of seed and type of plant.

The water used to soak the seeds is normal water or onion water or water + ZPT [Growth Regulatory Substances].

Noteworthy in soaking seeds is the size of the seed and the softness of the seed coat. In general the smaller the seed and the softer the seed coat, the soaking time is shorter. For example celery seeds should only be soaked for a maximum of 1 hour [60 minutes] using warm water.

9.2. Stratification of Seeds

Some types of seeds that came from areas that have 4 seasons [summer, fall, winter, spring] require special treatment so that the seeds can germinate / germinate optimally.

The seeds usually "sleep" during the fall and winter then sprout before or in spring [when the temperature starts to warm].

For this kind of seed to sprout created a seed environment in accordance with their habitat [according to the environment of origin of the seed].

So after the seeds are soaked and then sliced ​​[dient], then the stratification of the seeds using tissue or cotton, then put into a closed plastic bag. Then put it in the refrigerator [not in the freezer], left / cared for several weeks / months until the sprouts appear / sprout, and then sowing.

9.3. Seeding Seeds Sprout

Seeding sprouting seeds is spreading / sowing / planting seeds in the media / seedling place until the seeds grow large enough, which has 3-6 leaves. After that, the seedlings will be planted in a real place [a place that must have been prepared].

After the seedlings have grown quite large [have 3-6 leaves], the seedlings are transferred to the planting medium [where the planting has been prepared], then treated / nurtured [watered etc.] until harvest.

10. J Method

The planting procedure uses the J method as follows.

10.1. Stratification of Seeds

Some types of seeds that used to come from areas that have 4 seasons [summer, fall, winter, spring] require special treatment so that the seeds can germinate / germinate optimally.

The seeds usually "sleep" during the fall and winter then sprout before or in spring [when the temperature starts to warm].

For this kind of seed to sprout created a seed environment in accordance with their habitat [according to the environment of origin of the seed].

Stratification of seeds using tissue or cotton, then put in a sealed plastic bag. Then put it in the refrigerator [not in the freezer] until a certain time [depending on the type of seed].

Before the seeds are sown directly or planted directly, soak the seeds in warm water for a few minutes or a few hours to wake the seeds [accelerate germination] while removing the attached fungicides.

Each plant requires different soaking time, some are only a few minutes, several hours, some are also several days, depending on the type of seed and type of plant.

The water used to soak the seeds is normal water or onion water or water + ZPT [Growth Regulatory Substances].

Noteworthy in soaking seeds is the size of the seed and the softness of the seed coat. In general the smaller the seed and the softer the seed coat, the soaking time is shorter. For example celery seeds should only be soaked for a maximum of 1 hour [60 minutes] using warm water.

After the seeds are soaked then sliced ​​[dientaskan], then sowing.

10.3. Seeding Seeds Sprout

Seeding sprouting seeds is spreading / sowing / planting seeds in the media / seedling place until the seeds grow large enough, which has 3-6 leaves. After that, the seedlings will be planted in a real place [a place that must have been prepared].

After the seedlings have grown quite large [have 3-6 leaves], the seedlings are transferred to the planting medium [where the planting has been prepared], then treated / nurtured [watered etc.] until harvest.

11. K Method

Plants whose planting procedures use the K method are:
Lavender.

The planting procedure uses the K method as follows.

11.1. Stratification of Seeds

Some types of seeds that came from areas that have 4 seasons [summer, fall, winter, spring] require special treatment so that the seeds can germinate / germinate optimally.

The seeds usually "sleep" during the fall and winter then sprout before or in spring [when the temperature starts to warm].

For this kind of seed to sprout created a seed environment in accordance with their habitat [according to the environment of origin of the seed].

So after the seeds are soaked and then sliced ​​[dient], then the stratification of the seeds using tissue or cotton, then put into a closed plastic bag. Then put it in the refrigerator [not in the freezer], left / cared for several weeks / months until the sprouts appear / sprout, and then sowing.

11.2. Seeding Seeds Sprout

Seeding sprouting seeds is spreading / sowing / planting seeds in the media / seedling place until the seeds grow large enough, which has 3-6 leaves. After that, the seedlings will be planted in a real place [a place that must have been prepared].

After the seedlings have grown quite large [have 3-6 leaves], the seedlings are transferred to the planting medium [where the planting has been prepared], then treated / nurtured [watered etc.] until harvest.

Page 3

Germination of Seeds
[Making Seeds Sprout / Germinate]

Table of Contents [click below]

Germination of seeds or germination of seeds is the process of making the seeds shoot out [germinate] or make the seeds sprout / germinate.

In general, seeds that are smooth in size such as grains of sand, do not require special germination, but can be sown directly. And sowing just sprinkled evenly on the surface of the growing media. And don't cover it again with planting media, flush the mist / fine with a sprayer.

To maintain moisture, cover the top with clear plastic with a few holes. And the seedling media used can be in the form of tissue / cotton / cloth, in other words the germination process and the seedlings are in the same container / media.

The germination period can be fast, can be slow depending on the type of plant. There is one day that has germinated, some need up to 40 days of new germination. Below is a list of germination periods for each plant tested at Andra Farm.

1. List of Germination Periods

2. Choosing Germination Containers

Germination containers [a place for seeds to germinate / germinate] include tissue or cloth or cotton, and plastic as a cover.

3. Inserting Seeds into Germination Containers

3.1. Tissue Germination Container

Take 2-3 wipes for the base [bottom] and stack them 2-3 wipes, then moisten the wipes using a soft water sprayer. Humid enough, do not get stagnant water so that the seeds / seeds are not moldy or rotten.

Take seeds that have been soaked and cut, then place the seeds on a tissue with a neat distance.

Take 2-3 more tissues as a cover, stack them 2-3 tissue, then moisten the tissue using a soft water sprayer. And put the tissue cover above the seeds that have been spread / arranged.

3.2. Cotton Germination Containers

Take some cotton for the base [bottom], then moisten the cotton using a soft water sprayer. Humid enough, do not get stagnant water so that the seeds are not moldy or rotten.

Take seeds that have been soaked and cut, then place the seeds on cotton with a neat distance.

Take another cotton cover, then moisten the cotton using a soft water sprayer. And place the cotton cover above the seeds that have been spread / arranged.

3.3. Fabric / Paper Towel Germination Containers

Take a cloth / paper towel and dip it in clean water [the water must be free of chlorine, so use bottled water to be safe]. Then squeeze the cloth / paper towel hard so that the cloth / paper towel is moist [not too wet].

Take seeds that have been soaked and cut, then place the seed on the surface of some of the cloth / paper towel, then cover the seeds with some other cloth / paper towel surface.

3.4. Put it in a Plastic Bag

Next put the cloth / tissue / cotton / paper towel containing the seeds into a plastic bag with the aim of to keep the evaporation of water in the plastic so that the cloth / tissue / cotton / paper towel remain moist [not dry]. However, if it is dry, then drop a few drops of water to make it moist again.

The ends of the plastic bag leave it slightly open or be tightly closed [in the clip or closed / tied with string] depending on the characteristics of the seed.

Then place the plastic bag in [depending on the characteristics of the seed]:

• Place Light, which is a place that is exposed to direct sunlight but is protected from rain.
• Shady place, which is a place that does not get direct sunlight and is protected from rain.
• Dark and Damp places, which are places that are humid and absolutely not exposed to sunlight.

4. Check Every Day

Check every day and adjust the conditions if needed.

If the tissue / cotton / cloth dries, add one or two drops of water.

If mold or black spots appear on a seed, remove the seed and clean it if possible. But if it is difficult to clean, then throw the seeds.
If it turns out that all the seeds inside are attacked by fungus, add a little fungicide.

5. Move the Seed Sprouts to Media Seedlings / Planting

The seeds will sprout [germinate] after a few hours or several days, depending on the type of plant. To find out how many days the seeds will germinate, please click on this for the crop group [periods of germination group of plants ] or click this for each plant [periods of germination each plant ].

If the seeds have sprouted / sprouted around 0.5 - 2 cm, then transfer the seeds that have sprouted to the seed media or planting media that have been prepared.

6. Special the Seed Size is Very Small

For fine / small seeds, the germination container can also be used as a seedling medium. So that when the seeds have sprouted / buds appear around 0.5 - 2 cm, then leave them seeds that have sprouted remain in the germination container [do not need to be transferred to seedling / other media] and place them in a shady place.

Plant seeds begin to be transferred to pots / polybags after growing large enough, that is has 3-6 leaves. Transplanting is done by cut germination containers [tissue / cotton / cloth] then put it along with the tissue / cloth / cotton into the planting media that has been prepared. Later tissue / cotton / cloth will be destroyed into the ground.

To find out how many days the seeds will germinate, please click on this for the crop group [periods of germination group of plants ] or click this for each plant [periods of germination each plant ].

Page 4

Planting Seeds

Table of Contents [click below]

If the place / container for planting uses a pot / polybag, the pot / polybag should be given a hole at the bottom and make it so that the bottom does not touch the ground, so that the water does not stay in the polyibag for too long [can flow Exit].

For simplicity, before being given planting media [soil], first put small stones [or broken pieces of stone] into a pot / polybag. These stones serve as a buffer for the growing media while preventing drainage holes from clogging.

Then fill the pot / polybag with planting media up to 75% - 85% pot / polybag [meaning not to the full].
The day before you start planting or start transplanting plant seeds, first put the growing media in the planting container [pot / polybag]. Then flush with a little water so that the growing media becomes moist, and try to keep the growing media in a loose [not solid] condition.

1. Growing Media

Growing media can be a mixture of soil, sand or fuel husk, and compost or manure with a ratio of 1-2 : 1 : 1.

In the market there are already many available single planting media [already in the form of a mixture of soil, etc.] that can be used directly to sow the seeds.

Before using the planting media purchased on the market, it is recommended that the planting media be opened first for 1 day in the shade / open area protected from direct sunlight > and rain. The goal is to cool the heat in the package, then the planting media is ready to use.

Most importantly, when the seeds are put into the planting media, the planting media must be "loose [not solid and hard]", so that the roots of the seeds that will grow later will freely penetrate the planting media .

2. Planting Seeds of Seeding Result

Make a hole in the planting media [soil] first in the related pot / polybag. The hole is used to place / plant seedlings that have been sown.

Plant seeds from seeding begin to be moved to pots / polybags after the seeds grow large enough, which has 3-6 leaves. Transplants are carried out one at a time and slowly [carefully] to avoid damage to the roots who is still weak. The trick, lift the seedlings by involving the soil around the roots.

Then put the seeds and the surrounding soil into the prepared hole. Add the planting media [soil] around the seedlings, and press it slightly, so that the seedlings can stand upright.

After planting, spray / flush with a little water [use a fine spray / water spray].

Place the plants in a shady location or not exposed to direct sunlight and not exposed to rain.

Placement of plants in shady locations is carried out until new shoots [new leaf growing] grow on the seedlings of these plants. With the growth of new shoots, this shows that the seedlings have been able to adapt to their new environment.

After the emergence of new shoots, the plant is considered to be ready, and then the pot / polybag can be left in that location or moved to another location in accordance with the type of plant they will be. For example, for plants that need direct sunlight, the polybags are placed in locations that get direct sunlight. As for plants that do not need direct sunlight, the location of the polybag does not need to be moved.

3. Direct Planting of Seeds

The day before sowing the seeds, insert the planting media into the planting container [pot / polybag]. Then wet the planting media first, and try planting media in a loose [not solid] condition.

Next enter the seeds with a depth of about 2 cm. How to put it by making a small hole first as deep as 2 cm, then the seeds are placed in the hole, then cover with planting media [soil] around the seed.

After that, flush with a soft water spray [preferably using a sprayer].

Place the pot / polybag in a bright location [exposed to direct sun but not exposed to rain].

After the shoots appear and grow quite large, which has 3-6 leaves. then it is placed in an open location.

When the seed grows and it turns out that the distance is too close, do thinning. Ie the seedlings that are considered too close together, are transferred to other places in the same polybag or other polybag that has been prepared.

Page 5

Soaking Seeds

Table of Contents [click below]

Before the seeds are germinated or sown or planted directly, first soak the seeds in warm water for several minutes or several hours [depending on the type of seed], with the aim of breaking the seed dormancy period [awakening the seed while accelerating germination].

Generally it is more optimal if the water to soak is onion water or water that has been given ZPT [Growth Regulatory Substances], because it will further stimulate the breakdown of seed dormitory. There are many brands of ZPT in the market such as Atonik, Novelgro Alpha, PLP Hatchery, etc.

Noteworthy in soaking seeds is the size of the seed and the softness of the seed skin. In general the smaller the seed and the softer the seed skin, the soaking time is shorter. For example celery seeds should only be soaked for a maximum of 1 hour [60 minutes] using warm water, while the orange seeds are soaked in 12 hours, grape seeds soaked 24 hours, date seeds soaked 3-6 days, etc.

Plant Seeds that Need to be Soaked

Plant Seeds that Don't Need to be Soaked

1. Scarification [Injuring the Seed Skin]

Scarification is injuring a hard seed skin to make it more easily penetrated by water or air, thus helping to absorb water which will trigger the growth of the seed.
This scarification process can also be in the form of thinning the seed skin.

This scarification needs to be done on seeds that have hard skin and are impermeable to water, making it difficult for water to penetrate. But care must be taken to do this so as not to damage the inside of the seed.

This method can be done with the help of tools such as files or sandpaper [fine sand paper].

When you think of it or sand it out and the seed skin changes color [because the buds will have a different color from the seed skin], then stop it immediately, and that means the seeds have been finished scarified.

This scarification is able to accelerate the emergence of shoots, because the seed skin becomes more easily penetrated by water.

After the seed skin is considered able to absorb water, it is followed by the process of soaking the seeds.

2. Stretching / Cracking Seed Skin

Stretching or cracking seed skin is opening / stretching the mouth / tip of the seed a little so that water and air can get into the seed, making it easier and faster seeds sprout [accelerate the germination process].

Stretching the seed skin needs to be done on seeds that are waterproof and hard skin, so it is difficult to be penetrated by water. But care must be taken to do this so as not to damage the inside of the seed.

Tools used to stretch / open the tip of the seed include small forceps or nail clippers or using our teeth [such as eating curry].

How to stretch it as follows. Hold the seeds, then the sharp tip is pressed slightly using a small pair of pliers so that the end of the seed becomes open [stretched]. Or for those who often eat watermelon, can also stretch it using our teeth, by pressing the tip of the seed slightly so that it opens.

What needs to be considered when pressing to stretch it is not too hard and not too wide, because it is feared that the seeds inside will become cracked or injured so that they cannot germinate. So all you need is as little as possible to open your mouth so that water and air can enter.

After the seed mouth is considered it has opened slightly so that water and air can enter, then proceed with the process of soaking the seeds.

3. Soaking the Seeds with Warm Water

Plant seeds are soaked in warm water, generally at temperatures below 50 degrees Celsius.

The function of this immersion is especially to soften the seed skin so as to facilitate the absorption of water by the seeds, also to activate dormant cells and the buds can penetrate the skin.

The length of soaking depends on the size of the seed and the softness of the seed skin. In general the smaller the seed and the softer the seed skin, the shorter the soaking time.
Store the bowl / glass containing the seed bath in a dark place.

4. Soaking the Seeds with Red Onion Water

The first step is to soak the seeds with warm water, generally at temperatures below 50 degrees Celsius.
This immersion function is to activate dormant cells, soften the seed skin and cause the development of embryos and endosperm, thereby causing the seed skin to rupture.

When the water used for soaking has cooled down, add 1 clove of crushed onion to the immersion water. This onion functions as a natural root aphrodisiac.

The length of soaking with onion depends on the size of the seed and the softness of the seed skin. In general the smaller the seed and the softer the seed skin, the shorter the soaking time.
Store the bowl / glass containing the seed bath in a dark place.

Important note: If the total soaking time is only 1 hour, then soaking it is enough with warm water only. Or it could be 30 minutes of warm water and 30 minutes of onion water.

5. Soaking the Seeds with Water + ZPT

The first step is to soak the seeds with warm water, generally at temperatures below 50 degrees Celsius.This immersion function is to activate dormant cells, soften the seed skin and cause the development of embryos and endosperm, thereby causing the seed skin to rupture.

This immersion is done around 30 minutes - 2 hours.

While waiting, prepare a mixture of water with ZPT. From the results of the study, for immersion with Atonik brand ZPT, the optimal size is 0.50 cc / liter of water, which means mixing 0.5 ml of Atonik with 1 liter of water and stirring evenly.

After 2 hours, take the seed from the water before and put it into the water mixture + ZPT that has been prepared. Shake it [stir briefly and slowly] so that the seeds are all wet with the nutrients in the water.

The length of soaking with water + ZPT depends on the size of the seed and the softness of the seed skin. In general the smaller the seed and the softer the seed skin, the shorter the soaking time.
Store the bowl / glass containing the seed bath in a dark place.

Important note: If the total soaking time is only 1 hour, then soaking it is enough with warm water only. Or you can also 30 minutes warm water and 30 minutes water + ZPT.

6. After Soaking the Seeds

After the seeds are finished soaked, then take the seeds using a filter and wash with clean water, then drain / relax [leave them in the open air until they dry themselves] . Only then do the next process [germination of seeds or seed stratification or directly seedlings or directly planting seeds].

Special note: when soaking seeds, some seeds float and some sink. Seeds that float generally have little chance of sprouting [that doesn't mean they can't]. Therefore when draining the seeds, separate the seeds that float and those that sink. If you have a large supply of seeds, just throw away the floating seeds. But if you only have a few seeds, don't throw them away, just keep doing the next process, because there is a possibility that the seeds can still germinate.

Page 6

Merendam Benih/Biji

Daftar Isi [klik di bawah ini]

Sebelum benih digerminasi atau disemai atau ditanam langsung, rendam terlebih dulu benih dengan air hangat selama beberapa menit atau beberapa jam [tergantung jenis benihnya], dengan tujuan untuk mematahkan masa dormansi benih [membangunkan benih sekaligus mempercepat berkecambah].

Umumnya lebih optimal jika air untuk merendam merupakan air bawang merah atau air yang telah diberi ZPT [Zat Pengatur Tumbuh], karena akan lebih memacu pemecahan dorminasi biji. Terdapat banyak merk ZPT dipasaran seperti Atonik, Novelgro Alpha, PLP Pembenihan, dsb.

Yang perlu diperhatikan dalam merendam benih adalah ukuran benihnya serta lunak/kerasnya kulit benih tersebut. Pada umumnya semakin kecil benihnya dan semakin lunak kulit benihnya, maka waktu merendamnya semakin pendek. Misalkan benih seledri sebaiknya hanya direndam maksimal 1 jam [60 menit] menggunakan air hangat, sedangkan benih jeruk direndam 12 jam, benih anggur direndam 24 jam, benih kurma direndam 3-6 hari, dsb.

Biji Tanaman yg Perlu Direndam

Biji Tanaman yg Tidak Perlu Direndam

1. Skarifikasi [Melukai Kulit Benih]

Skarifikasi adalah melukai kulit benih/biji yang keras agar menjadi lebih mudah ditembus oleh air atau udara, sehingga membantu peresapan air yang akan memicu pertumbuhan benih.
Proses skarifikasi ini bisa juga dalam bentuk menipiskan kulit biji.

Skarifikasi ini perlu dilakukan pada benih/biji yang kulitnya keras dan kedap air, sehingga sulit ditembus oleh air. Namun harus hati-hati dalam melakukannya agar tidak merusak bagian dalam benih tersebut.

Cara ini dapat dilakukan dengan bantuan alat seperti kikir atau kertas amplas [kertas pasir halus].

Ketika dikikir atau diamplas dan kulit bijinya berubah warna [karena bakal tunas warnanya berbeda dengan kulit biji], maka segera hentikan, dan itu berarti biji tersebut sudah selesai di-skarifikasi.

Skarifikasi ini mampu mempercepat munculnya tunas, karena kulit benih/biji menjadi lebih mudah ditembus oleh air.

Setelah kulit benih dianggap sudah mampu menyerap air, maka dilanjutkan dengan proses merendam benih.

2. Peregangan/Peretakan Kulit Biji/Benih

Peregangan atau Peretakan kulit biji adalah membuka/meregangkan sedikit mulut/ujung biji agar air dan udara dapat masuk ke dalam biji tersebut, sehingga mempermudah dan mempercepat biji mengeluarkan tunas [mempercepat proses perkecambahan].

Peregangan kulit biji ini perlu dilakukan pada benih/biji yang kulitnya kedap air dan keras, sehingga sulit ditembus oleh air. Namun harus hati-hati dalam melakukannya agar tidak merusak bagian dalam benih tersebut.

Alat yang digunakan untuk meregangkan/membuka ujung biji tersebut antara lain tang kecil atau gunting kuku atau menggunakan gigi kita [seperti makan kuaci/kwaci].

Cara meregangkannya seperti berikut ini. Pegang biji tersebut, kemudian bagian ujung yang lancip ditekan sedikit menggunakan tang kecil sehingga ujung bijinya menjadi terbuka [regang]. Atau bagi yang sering makan kuaci, bisa juga meregangkannya menggunakan gigi kita, dengan cara ujung biji tersebut ditekan sedikit sehingga terbuka.

Yang perlu diperhatikan saat menekan untuk meregangkannya jangan terlalu keras dan jangan terlalu lebar, karena dikawatirkan biji didalamnya menjadi retak atau terluka sehingga tidak dapat bertunas/berkecambah. Jadi yang dibutuhkan hanya sesedikit mungkin mulutnya terbuka agar air dan udara bisa masuk.

Setelah mulut biji dianggap sudah sedikit terbuka sehingga air dan udara bisa masuk, maka dilanjutkan dengan proses merendam benih.

3. Merendam Benih dengan Air Hangat

Benih/biji tanaman direndam dengan air hangat, umumnya pada suhu di bawah 50 derajat Celcius.

Fungsi perendaman ini terutama untuk melunakkan kulit benih sehingga memudahkan penyerapan air oleh benih, juga untuk mengaktifkan sel-sel dorman dan tunas bisa menembus kulitnya.

Lama perendamannya tergantung dari ukuran benih dan lunak/kerasnya kulit benih. Pada umumnya semakin kecil benihnya dan semakin lunak kulit benihnya, maka waktu merendamnya semakin pendek.
Simpan mangkok / gelas yang berisi rendaman benih di tempat yang gelap.

4. Merendam Benih dengan Air Bawang Merah

Langkah pertama adalah merendam benih dengan air hangat, umumnya pada suhu di bawah 50 derajat Celcius.
Fungsi perendaman ini untuk mengaktifkan sel-sel dorman, melunakkan kulit benih dan menyebabkan pengembangan embrio dan endosperm, sehingga menyebabkan kulit benih menjadi pecah.

Sewaktu air yang digunakan untuk merendam sudah dingin, tambahkan 1 siung bawang merah yang digeprek [dipukul/dipenyet] ke dalam air rendaman. Bawang merah ini berfungsi sebagai zat perangsang akar alami.

Lama perendamannya dengan bawang merah ini tergantung dari ukuran benih dan lunak/kerasnya kulit benih. Pada umumnya semakin kecil benihnya dan semakin lunak kulit benihnya, maka waktu merendamnya semakin pendek.
Simpan mangkok / gelas yang berisi rendaman benih di tempat yang gelap.

Catatan penting : Jika total waktu merendamnya hanya 1 jam, maka merendamnya cukup dengan air hangat saja. Atau bisa juga 30 menit air hangat dan 30 menit air bawang.

5. Merendam Benih dengan Air + ZPT

Langkah pertama adalah merendam benih dengan air hangat, umumnya pada suhu di bawah 50 derajat Celcius. Fungsi perendaman ini untuk mengaktifkan sel-sel dorman, melunakkan kulit benih dan menyebabkan pengembangan embrio dan endosperm, sehingga menyebabkan kulit benih menjadi pecah.

Perendaman ini dilakukan sekitar 30 menit - 2 jam.

Selama menunggu, persiapkan campuran air dengan ZPT. Dari hasil penelitian, untuk perendaman dengan ZPT merk Atonik, ukuran optimalnya adalah 0,50 cc/ltr air, artinya mencampurkan 0,5 ml Atonik dengan 1 liter air dan aduk hingga merata.

Setelah 2 jam, ambil benih tsb dari air sebelumnya dan masukkan ke campuran air + ZPT yang sudah dipersiapkan. Goyang-goyangkan [aduk sebentar dan perlahan-lahan] agar benih terbasahi semua oleh nutrisi zpt yang ada di dalam air tsb.

Lama perendamannya dengan air + ZPT ini tergantung dari ukuran benih dan lunak/kerasnya kulit benih. Pada umumnya semakin kecil benihnya dan semakin lunak kulit benihnya, maka waktu merendamnya semakin pendek.
Simpan mangkok / gelas yang berisi rendaman benih di tempat yang gelap.

Catatan penting : Jika total waktu merendamnya hanya 1 jam, maka merendamnya cukup dengan air hangat saja. Atau bisa juga 30 menit air hangat dan 30 menit air + ZPT.

6. Setelah Merendam Benih

Setelah biji/benih selesai direndam, selanjutnya ambil biji/benih menggunakan saringan dan cuci dengan air bersih, lalu tiriskan/entaskan [biarkan di udara terbuka sampai kering sendiri]. Baru kemudian lakukan proses selanjutnya [germinasi benih atau stratifikasi benih atau langsung semai benih atau langsung tanam benih].

Catatan khusus: saat merendam benih, ada benih yang mengapung dan ada yang tenggelam. Benih yang mengapung umumnya kecil peluangnya untuk mengeluarkan tunas [bukan berarti tidak bisa sama sekali]. Oleh karena itu saat meniriskan benih, pisahkan benih yang mengapung dan yang tenggelam. Jika persediaan benih/biji anda banyak, maka buang saja benih yang mengapung tersebut. Namun jika anda hanya memiliki sedikit benih, jangan dibuang, tetap saja lakukan proses selanjutnya, karena ada kemungkinan benih tersebut tetap dapat bertunas/berkecambah.

Page 7

Penanaman Bibit/Benih

Daftar Isi [klik di bawah ini]

Jika tempat/wadah untuk menanam menggunakan pot/polibag maka pot/polibag harus diberi lubang di bagian bawahnya dan membuat sedemikian rupa agar bagian bawahnya tidak menyentuh tanah, sehingga air tidak terlalu lama berdiam di dalam polibag [dapat mengalir keluar].

Untuk mudahnya, sebelum diberi media tanam [tanah], masukkan terlebih dulu batu-batu kecil [atau pecahan-pecahan batu] ke dalam pot/polibag. Batu-batu tersebut berfungsi sebagai penyangga media tanam sekaligus mencegah tersumbatnya lubang drainase.

Kemudian barulah isi pot/polibag dengan media tanam hingga 75% - 85% pot/polibag [artinya jangan sampai penuh].
Sehari sebelum mulai menanam atau mulai memindah bibit tanaman, masukkan terlebih dulu media tanam ke wadah tanam [pot/polibag]. Kemudian siram dengan sedikit air agar media tanam menjadi lembab, dan upayakan agar media tanam dalam kondisi gembur [tidak padat].

1. Media Tanam

Media tanam dapat berupa campuran tanah, pasir atau sekam bakar, dan kompos atau pupuk kandang dengan perbandingan 1-2 : 1 : 1.

Di pasaran sudah banyak tersedia media tanam tunggal [sudah berupa campuran tanah dsb] yang bisa digunakan langsung untuk menyemai benih tersebut.

Sebelum menggunakan media tanam yang dibeli di pasaran, sebaiknya media tanam tersebut dibuka terlebih dulu selama 1 hari di tempat teduh / terbuka yang terlindung dari sinar matahari langsung dan hujan. Tujuannya untuk mendinginkan hawa panas yang ada di dalam kemasannya, barulah kemudian media tanam tsb siap digunakan.

Yang terpenting, pada saat benih atau bibit dimasukkan ke media tanam, media tanamnya harus "gembur [tidak padat dan keras]", sehingga akar bibit/benih yang akan tumbuh nantinya leluasa menembus media tanam tsb.

2. Menanam Bibit Hasil Penyemaian

Buatlah terlebih dulu lubang pada media tanam [tanah] di pot/polibag terkait. Lubang tersebut digunakan untuk meletakkan / menanam bibit yang telah disemai.

Bibit tanaman dari penyemaian mulai dipindah ke pot/polibag setelah bibit tumbuh cukup besar, yaitu memiliki 3-6 helai daun. Pemindahan dilakukan satu persatu dan pelan-pelan [hati-hati] agar tidak terjadi kerusakan pada akar yang masih lemah. Caranya, angkat bibit dengan mengikutsertakan tanah di sekitar akarnya.

Kemudian masukkan bibit beserta tanah di sekitarnya ke lubang yang telah disiapkan. Tambahkan media tanam [tanah] di sekitar bibit tersebut, serta ditekan sedikit, sedemikan rupa sehingga bibit tersebut dapat berdiri tegak.

Setelah ditanam, semprot/siram dengan sedikit air [gunakan spray/penyemprot air yang halus].

Tempatkan tanaman di lokasi yang teduh atau tidak terkena matahari langsung serta tidak terkena guyuran hujan.

Penempatan tanaman di lokasi yang teduh dilakukan sampai tumbuh tunas baru [tumbuh daun baru] pada bibit tanaman tersebut. Dengan tumbuhnya tunas baru, hal ini menunjukkan bahwa bibit tersebut telah dapat beradaptasi dengan lingkungannya yang baru.

Setelah munculnya tunas baru, tanaman tersebut dianggap telah siap, dan selanjutnya pot / polibag tersebut dapat dibiarkan tetap di lokasi itu atau dipindahkan ke lokasi lain yang sesuai dengan jenis tanaman tsb. Misalkan untuk jenis tanaman yang membutuhkan sinar matahari langsung, maka polibagnya ditempatkan di lokasi yang mendapat matahari langsung. Sedangkan untuk tanaman yang tidak membutuhkan sinar matahari langsung, maka lokasi polibag tidak perlu dipindah.

3. Menanam Langsung Benih/Biji

Sehari sebelum menebar benih, masukkan media tanam ke wadah tanam [pot/polibag]. Kemudian basahi terlebih dulu media tanam, dan upayakan media tanam dalam kondisi gembur [tidak padat].

Selanjutnya masukkan benih dengan kedalaman sekitar 2 cm. Cara memasukkannya dengan membuat lubang kecil terlebih dulu sedalam 2 cm, selanjutnya benih diletakkan di dalam lubang tsb, kemudian tutupi dengan media tanam [tanah] di sekitar benih tsb.

Setelah itu, siram dengan semprotan air yang halus [sebaiknya menggunakan alat sprayer].

Tempatkan pot/polibag di lokasi yang terang [terkena matahari langsung namun tidak terkena guyuran hujan].

Setelah muncul tunas dan tumbuh cukup besar, yaitu memiliki 3-6 helai daun. barulah ditempatkan di lokasi terbuka.

Ketika benih tsb tumbuh dan ternyata dianggap terlalu rapat jaraknya, maka lakukan penjarangan. Yaitu bibit tanaman yang dianggap terlalu dempet [berdekatan], dipindahkan ke tempat lain di polibag yang sama atau polibag lain yang sudah dipersiapkan.

Page 8

Merawat Tanaman/Tumbuhan

Daftar Isi [klik di bawah ini]

Perawatan tanaman meliputi penyiraman, pemupukan, penjarangan, pemasangan ajir/penyangga, penyulaman, penyiangan, pembumbunan, pengendalian hama dan penyakit tanaman.

1. Penyiraman Tanaman

Penyiraman hendaknya dilakukan dengan hati-hati agar tanaman tidak rusak, baik daun maupun batangnya. Jika media tanamnya mudah kering, maka frekuensi penyiraman sebaiknya dua kali sehari, yaitu pagi dan sore. Jika media tanamnya cenderung lembab, maka penyiraman cukup dilakukan satu kali sehari, pagi atau sore. Sebaiknya tidak melakukan penyiraman di siang hari, karena dapat menimbulkan kelayuan pada tanaman.

2. Pemupukan Tanaman

Dosis dan cara penggunaan pupuk disesuaikan dengan petunjuk pada kemasan masing-masing pupuk.

3. Pemasangan Ajir [Penyangga]

Ajir adalah alat penegak/penyangga yang terbuat dari batang/bilah bambu atau kayu atau bahan lainnya yang berfungsi sebagai tempat bersandar tanaman, penyangga batang yang lemah, atau tempat merambatnya tanaman. Tanaman yang membutuhkan ajir antara lain mentimun, kacang panjang, pare, gambas, labu, anggur, melon, buncis, merica, cabai, tomat, terung, paprika, dsb.

Ajir sebaiknya dipasang setelah tanaman tumbuh sekitar 15 - 25 cm. Jarak ajir dengan tanaman sekitar 5 - 10 cm. Pemasangan ajir yang terlambat akan mengakibatkan akar tanaman rusak.

Dengan adanya ajir, maka tanaman akan tumbuh sesuai dengan arah ajir tersebut.

Ketika tanaman sudah cukup tinggi, maka segera ikat longgar tanaman ke ajir menggunakan tali rafia agar tetap tumbuh tegak. Bila diperlukan, ikat di beberapa bagian untuk memastikan tetap tumbuh tegak. Sedangkan untuk tanaman merambat, ikat longgar tanaman dibutuhkan agar perambatannya sesuai dengan alur ajir yang dibuat.

4. Penjarangan Tanaman

Penjarangan dilakukan untuk penanaman koloni, khususnya jika jarak antar tanaman terlalu rapat, agar masing-masing tanaman mendapat unsur hara secara optimal. Tanaman yang dijarangkan dipindahkan ke tempat lain di polibag yang sama atau polibag lain yang sudah dipersiapkan.

5. Penyulaman Tanaman

Penyulaman tanaman adalah kegiatan penanaman kembali bagian-bagian yang kosong bekas tanaman yang rusak atau mati atau diduga akan mati atau rusak atau yang kondisinya dianggap tidak sempurna.

Cabut dan ganti bibit tanaman yang tidak sempurna atau rusak atau mati beserta dengan tanahnya. Kemudian sulam [tanam kembali] dengan bibit yang sehat/sempurna.

6. Penyiangan Tanaman

Penyiangan tanaman adalah pembersihan gulma yang muncul di sekitar tanaman, dan pada saat yang bersamaan sekaligus menggemburkan tanah.

Gulma mnerupakan tumbuhan yang kehadirannya tidak diinginkan, misalnya rumput atau semak yang biasanya muncul di sekitar tanaman/tumbuhan kita. Gulma ini harus dibersihkan agar tidak merebut makanan/minuman tanaman kita.

Bila di sekitar tanaman tumbuh gulma, maka lakukan penyiangan dengan mencabuti gulma tersebut, juga sekaligus gemburkan tanah di sekitar tanaman.

7. Pembumbunan Tanaman

Pembumbunan tanaman adalah penimbunan/penambahan tanah di sekitar pangkal tanaman. Hal ini perlu dilakukan bila tanah di sekitar tanaman tergerus air saat penyiraman, terlebih jika tanah yang tergerus tadi mengakibatkan akarnya muncul/terlihat.

Lakukan pembumbunan tanaman, terutama jika tanah di sekitar tanaman mulai tergerus, atau ada akar tanaman yang muncul ke permukaan tanah. Juga ketika tanaman tumbuhnya agak miring [tidak tegak].

8. Pengendalian Hama Tanaman

Hama tanaman antara lain trips, kutu daun, tungau, kutu kebul, lalat buah, ulat gerayak, dsb. Peluang munculnya hama tanaman ini akan semakin tinggi pada musim kemarau.

Bila satu tanaman terkena hama dan dibiarkan, maka dengan cepat tanaman lainnya juga terkena hama tersebut, sehingga jangan dibiarkan.

Untuk mengatasi hal tersebut, lakukan pengendalian dengan cara menyemprotkan insektisida untuk hama serangga dan akarisida untuk tungau, setiap minggu sesuai dosis, jika diperlukan.

9. Pengendalian Penyakit Tanaman

Penyakit tanaman antara lain rebah kecambah, layu bakteri, layu [fusarium], antraknosa, busuk daun [choanephora], hawar phytophora, bercak daun [cercospora], bercak bakteri, busuk lunak bakteri, keriting kuning, dsb. Serangan penyakit tertentu yang disebabkan oleh cendawan dan bakteri akan semakin tinggi pada musin hujan.

Seperti halnya dengan hama, bila satu tanaman terkena penyakit dan dibiarkan, maka dengan cepat tanaman lainnya juga terkena penyakit tersebut, sehingga jangan dibiarkan.

Untuk mengatasi hal tersebut, lakukan pengendalian dengan cara menyemprotkan fungisida setiap minggu sesuai dosis, jika diperlukan. Petunjuk dosisnya terdapat pada kemasan fungisida terkait.

Page 9

Caring for Plants

Table of Contents [click below]

Plant care includes watering, fertilizing, make spacing, mounting buffer, embroidery, heap soil on plants, controlling plant pests and plant diseases.

1. Watering Plants

Watering should be done carefully so that the plant is not damaged, both leaves and stems. If the planting media dries easily, then the frequency of watering should be twice a day, ie morning and evening. If the planting media tends to be moist, then watering is only done once a day, morning or evening. It is better not to water during the day, because it can cause plants to wilt.

2. Fertilizing Plants

The dosage and method of using fertilizer are adjusted to the instructions on the package of each fertilizer.

3. Plant Buffer Installation

Plant stand is a support tool made of bamboo or wood stems / blades or other material that serves as a place to lean on plants, a weak stem support, or a place for climbing plants.Plants that need buffer include cucumbers, string beans, bitter melon, luffa, pumpkin, grapes, melons, beans, pepper, chili, tomatoes, eggplant, peppers, etc.

Supports should be installed after the plants have grown to about 15-25 cm. The distance between the buffer and the plants is about 5-10 cm. Late installation of the support will cause damage to plant roots.

With the buffer, the plant will grow in the direction of the buffer.

When the plant is tall enough, then immediately loosen the plant to the support using a raffia rope to keep it growing upright. If needed, tie in several parts to make sure it keeps growing upright. Whereas for vines, loose ties of plants are needed so that the propagation is in accordance with the supporting grooves made.

4. Make Plant Spacing

Thinning is carried out for planting colonies, especially if the spacing between plants is too tight, so that each plant gets nutrients optimally. Sparse plants are moved to other places on the same polybag or other polybag that has been prepared.

5. Embroidery of Plants

Embroidery of plants is the activity of replanting empty parts of former plants that are damaged or dead or suspected to be dead or damaged or whose conditions are considered imperfect.

Remove and replace imperfect or damaged or dead plant seeds along with the soil. Then embroider [replanting] with healthy / perfect seeds.

6. Weeding of Plants

Weeding of plants is cleansing of weeds that appear around the plant, and at the same time it is relaxing the soil.

Weed is a plant whose presence is undesirable, for example grass or bush that usually appears around our plants / plants. This weed must be cleaned so as not to seize the food / drink of our plants.

If weeds grow plants around them, then do weeding by removing the weeds, as well as loosening the soil around the plants.

7. Heap Soil on Plants

Heap soil on plants is landfill / addition of soil around the base of the plant. This needs to be done if the soil around the plant is water-damaged during watering, especially if the eroded soil causes the roots to appear / appear.

Do Heap soil on plants, especially if the soil around the plant begins to erode, or there are plant roots that emerge to the surface of the soil. Also when plants grow slightly tilted [not upright].

8. Plant Pest Control

Plant pests include trips, aphids, mites, whitefly, fruit flies, gerayak caterpillars, etc. The chances of the emergence of these plant pests will be higher in the dry season.

If one plant is exposed to pests and left alone, then the other plants will also be exposed to these pests, so don't leave them alone.

To overcome this, do control by spraying insecticide for insect pests and akarisida for mites, every week according to the dose, if needed.

9. Plant Disease Control

Plant diseases include sprouting, bacterial wilt, fusarium, anthracnose, leaf rot [choanephora], phytophora blight, leaf spot [cercospora], bacterial spotting, bacterial soft rot, yellow curling, etc. The attack of certain diseases caused by fungi and bacteria will be higher in the rainy season.

As with pests, if one plant is exposed to disease and left alone, then the other plants will also get the disease quickly, so don't leave it.

To overcome this, do control by spraying fungicides every week according to the dose, if needed. The dosage instructions are on the related fungicide packaging.