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of his own voluntary motion, without the compulfion another ftall, [that you may not wet his litter] and. of whip or spur; then have him home and stable him, bathe his legs all over from the knees, with warm beef. and by oo nieans walk him in hand to cool him, for broth, or with a quart of warm urine, in which four fear of his cooling too faft; nor walk him, for fear of ounces of faltpet re has been ditfolved; then rub his causing an obstruction of the natural course of the hu- legs dry, fet him again to his stall, and give him a mours, and by that means bring an inflammation in his good home-feeding of oats, or bread, which he likes legs, which is the original cause of the scratches. belt, or both; and, having shaken a good quantity of
His stall being well litered against he comes home, litter under him, that he may relt the better, and thrown set him up, tying bis head to the ring with the bridle, him hay enough in his rack for all night, shut the and then rub him well with dry itraw all over his head, stable door clole, and leave him to rett till the mornneck, fore-bowels, belly, Aank, buttocks, and legs, and ing. after that rub his body with a dry cloth, till he has not
About fix or seven o'clock the next morning go to a wet hair left about hin; after you have done, take off him again, but do not disturb him, for the morning's his laddle, and rub the place where ihe saddle was, dry reit is as refreshing to a horle as to a man; but, when in like manner, and clothe him immediately with his he rises of his own accord, go to him, put back his ordinary clothes, left he take cold: and, if you suppole 'dung from his litter, and oblerve what colour it is of, him very hot, throw a spare cloth over him, thai he wheher it be greasy, and shine outwardly, and also may not cool too fast, which you may abate when you break it with your feet, to see if it be lo inwardly, for, please, and fo let him stand on his fuaffe two hours or if i be grealy and foul, which you may know by its better, now and then stirring him in his itall with your shining outwardly, and by the spots like soap that will whip, to prevent him froin growing stiff in the legs and appear within] or if it appear of a dark brown colour, joints.
and harder than it was, it is a token that the hun'ing of When that time is expired, and you think him tho- the day before has done him good, by diffolving part of roughly cool, draw his bridle, rub his head, pick his the inward glut which was within him; and, therefore, feet from dirt or gravel, and give him a quart or three the next time you hunt, you should increase his labour. pints of lified oars, mixed with a handful of clean but a little. But if you. perceive no such sym; toms, dreiled hemp-feed; but give him not more than the but that his dung appears bright, but rather' folt than quantity prescribed, for fear of taking away his fto- hard, without grease, and in a word, that it holds the mach, which will be very much weakened through the same pale yellow colour that it did before he hunted, heat of his body, and want of water. Then take off then it is a sign that a day's hunting made no difloluthe spare cloth for fear of keeping him hot too long, tion, but that his body remains in the fame state still, and, when he has eaten his corn, throw a good quanti- and, therefore, the next day's hunting, you may
almost ty of hay, clean dulted, on his litter, and let him rest double his labour. two or three hours, or thereabouts. Having prepared him As to his feeding, you must not forget to change his a good malh made of half a peck of malt, well ground, food, by giving him one while bread, another oars, and and boiling hot water, so much as the malt will Iweeten a third time oats and beans, which you find he likes and the horse will drink, stir them well together, and likes beft; always remembering, that variety will sharpcover it over with a cloth, till the water has extracted en his appetite; and bread being his chief food, it bethe strength of the malt, which will be almof as sweet ing inore nourishing and strong than the others, feed as honey, and feel ropy, like bird lime; being but lit- him the oftener with it. And observe his digestion, tle mure than blood warm give it to the horse, but not whether it be quick or Now. If you find him quick, before, leit the steam go up his nostrils and offend and that he retains this food but a litle while, then hiin; and, when he has drank up his water, let him, only chip his bread lightly; but if it be now, and he if he pleale, eat the mall too. But, if he refuses to retains it long, thun cut away all the crust, and feed drink it, you must not give him any other water that him only with the crumb; for that, being light of dinight, but place this drink in some part of his fall, gestion, is foon converted into chyle and excrements, so that he my not throw it down, and let it stand but the crust being not lo foon digerible, requires, by by him all night, that he may drink it when he pleales. reason of its hardnels, longer time before it is conia This malh, or, as it is called, horse-caudle, will com-cocted. fort his stomach, and keep his body in a due temperate The next day, after your horse has resterl, you may heat after his day's hunting; it will cleanse and bring hunt hiin again as you did the first day, ublerving, from away all manier of greate and gross humours which the remarks you have made, to hunt him, niore or less, have been dinolved by the day's labour; and the fume according as you find his temper and constitution; and of the malt-grains, after he has drank the water, will when you.come home, put in practice the rules above disperse the watery humours, which might otherwile given; under which you may munt him three times a annoy his head, and is al owed, by all skilled in horses, week tor a fortnight together, but do not fail to give to be very advantageous on that account.
him his full feeding, and no other scourings bul malhes After he has eaten his math, ftrip him of his clothes, and hemp seed, which is equal in its virtue with the and run him over with a curry-comb and brush, hair. former, and only carries off fuperfluous humours in the patch, and woollen-cloth, and clothe him up again ; dung. and cleanse his legs, as well as his body, of all dirt and Horses at advanced stages are subject to disorders, far: filth which may annoy them, and then remove him into which brisk purges are recommended, and require a
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they should always be accustomed to the same voice, and of other the like vermin, the fuants. Of an otter, the same notes or hallooings, and the same turns of the spraints. chiding, cherishing, prefling, or recalling; nor should 8. As to the attire of dcer, or parts thereof, those of the country fellows be allowed, in their transports, to a stag, if perfect, are the bur, the pearls, the little knobs extend their throats.
on it, the beam, the gutters, the antler, the Jur-antler, Nor is it good to encourage change of game, because royal, Jur-royal, and all at top the croches. Of the buck, mere 'fquires would be at a great loss to kill some of the kur, beam, bree-antler, black-ontler, no'vancer, palm, their time, had they nothing to kill, when hares are and spellers. If the croches grow in the form of a man's out of season. However, I am well satisfied, that the hand, it is called a palmed- head. Heads bearing put best barriers are those that know no other. Nor is it above three or four, and the croches placed aloft
, all adviseable to let them change for a fresh hare, as long of one height, are called crowned heads. Hcads having as they can poflibly follow the old one; nor to take double croches are called forked-heads, because the off their noses from the scent they are upon, for the croches are planted on the top of the beam like forks. cutting shorter or gaining of ground. This last is the 9. They say, a litler of cubs, a nef of rabbits, a common trick with pot-hunters, but, as it is unfair squirrel's dray. and barbarous to the hare, so you will feldom find it 10. The terms used in respect of the dogs, &c. are as of advantage to the hounds.
follow.--Of grey hounds, two to make a brace; of
hounds a couple. Of grey-hounds, three make a lenh; Hunting Terms.
of bounds a couple and half.-- They say, I nip a grey
hound; and, cost of a bound. The liring, wherein a The gentlemen and mafters of the sport have in- grey-hound is led, is called a leash; and that of a hound, vented a set of terms which may be called the Hunting-a lime. The grey hound has his cellar, and the hound language. The principal are those which follow: his couples. We say a kennel of hounds, and a pack of
1. For beasts as they are in company.-They say, a beagles. herd of harts, and all manner of deer. A bey of roes. In the kennels or packs they generally rank them A founder of swine. A rout of wolves. A richess of under the heads of enterers, drivers, flyers, tyars, &c.
A brace or leash of bucks, foxes, or hares. When the hounds, being cast off, and finding the A couple of rabbits or coneys.
scent of some game, begin to open and cry, they are 2. For their lodging.-A hart is said to harbour. A laid to challenge. When they are too busy ere the scent buck lodges. A roe beds. A hare feats or forins. A co. be good, they are said to babble.
When too busy, ney fits.
A fox kennels. A marten trees. An otter where the scent is good, to bowl. When they run it watches. A badger earths. A boar couches.--Hence, to endwise orderly, holding in together merrily, and express their disodging, they say, Unharbour the hart. making it good, they are said to be in full cry. When Rouse the buck. Start the hare.
Start the hare. Bolt the coney. Un. they run along without opening at all, it is called runkennel the fox. Untree the marten. Vent the otter. I ning mute. Dig the badger. Rear the boar.
When spaniels open in the string, or a grey-hound 3. For their noise at rutting-time.-A hart belleth. in the course, they are said to lupse. A buck growns or troats. A roe bellows. A hare brats When beagles bark and cry at their prey, they are or taps. An otter whines. A boar freanis. A fox barks. said to yearn. A badger forieks. A wolf howls
. A goat rattles. When the dogs hit the scent the contrary way, they 4. For their copulation.-A hart or buck goes to are said to draw amifs.
A roe goes to tourn. A boar goes to brim. A When they take fresh scent, and quit the former hare or coney goes to buck. A fox goes to clickitting. chase for a new one, it is called hunting change. A wolf goes to match or make. An otter hunteth for his When they hunt the game by the hcel or track, they kind.
are said to hunt counter. 5. For the footing and treading.--Of a hart, we say When the chase goes off, and returns again, traverthe pot. - Of a buck, and all fallow-deer, the vicró. fing the same ground, it is called hunting the foil. Ot all deer, if on the grass and scarce visible, the foil- When the dogs run at a whole herd of deer, instead ing. Of a fox, the print; and of other the like vermin, of a single one, it is called running riot. the fating. Of an otter, the marks. Of a boar, the Dogs set in readiness where the game is expected to track. The hare, when in open field, is said to fore; come by, and cast off after the other hounds are passed, when she winds about to deceive the hounds, she dou- are called a relay. If they be cast off ere the other dogs bles; when me beats on the hard highway, and her be come up, it is called vauntluy. footing comes to be perceived, ne pricketh: in snow it When, finding where the chase has been, they make is called the trace of the hare.
a proffer to enter, but return, it is called a blemish. 6. The tail of a hart, buck, or other deer, is called A lesson on the horn to encourage the hounds, is the single. That of a boar, the wreath. Of a fox, the named a call, or a recheut. That blown at the death of brush or drag; and the tip at the end, the chape. Of a a deer, is called the mort. The part belonging to the wolf, the ftern. Of a hare and coney, the fcut. dogs of any chase they have killed, is the reward. They
7. The ordure or excrement of a hart and all deer, say, take off a deer's skin; strip or case a hare, fox, and is called fewmets or fewmishing. Of a hare, crotiles or all sorts of vermin; which is done by beginning at the crotising. Of a boar, 1-jés. Of a fox, the billitting ; [nout, and turning the skin over the cars down to the tail.
TO
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and the hoof, having but little hair on his fetlocks; his there is little reason for it but custom ;] yet this custom hoofs black, strong and hollow, and rather long and nar. conducing little to either the advantage or prejudice row, than big and flat.
of the horse, I shall leave every one to their own Lastly, his mane and tail Mould be long, and thin ra- fancies. ther than thick, which is counted by some a mark of But as to the custom of giving the horse wheat-straw, dulnels.
to take up his belly [which is also generally used by As to marks or colours, though they do not absolutely grooms at the first taking up and houling a horse] some give testimony of a horse's goodness, yet they, as well persons very much disapprove of, for they say, that the as his thape, intimate in some part, his disposition and nature of a horse being hot and dry, if he be fed with qualities: the hair itself oftentimes receives the variation straw, which is fo likewise, it would straighten his guts, of its colour from the different temperature of the fub- and cause an inflammation of his liver, and by that ject out of which it is produced.
means difternper his blood; and besides, it would make And some do not scruple to affirm, that wherever you his body so costive, that it would cause a retention of meet with a horse that has no white about him, espe- nature, and make him dung with great pain and ditcially in his forehead, though he be otherwise of the ficulty; whereas full feeding would expel the excrebest reputed colours, as bay, black, or forrel, he is of a ments, according to the true intention and inclination of dogged and sullen dispofition, especially if he have a small pink eye, and a narrow face, with a nose bending
Therefore let moderate airing, warm clothing, good like a hawk's bill.
old hay, and old corn, supply the place of wiicat-straw.
See SHOEING.
The Age, &c. of a Hunter.
The first Fortnight's Diet for a Hunting Horse; or, the Oro Having procured a horse suitable to the former de.
dering of a Hunter for the First Fortnight. fcriptions, or your own fatisfaction at least, and which is fuppofed to be already grounded in the fundamentals of Your horse being supposed to evacuate all his grass, this art, being taught such obedience, as that he will and his shoes fo well fettled to his feet, that he is fit readily answer to the horseman's helps and corrections to be ridden abroad without danger: I shall now, in a both of the bridle and hand, the voice, the calf of the more particular manner, direct an inexperienced groom leg, and the spurs'; that lie knows how to make his way how he ought to proceed to order his horse according to forward, and hath gained a true temper of mouth, and a art. right placing of his head, and that he hath learned to First, he ought to visit his horse early in the morning, Itop, and turn readily; for unless he has been per- to wit, by five o'clock in summer, and fix in winter; fectly taught these things, he can never proceed ef. and having put up his litter under his stall, and made fectually.
clean his itable, to feel his ribs, his chaul, and his The horse, being thus prepared, sould be five years Aank, they being the principal signs by which he old, and well wayed before you begin to hunt him; for must learn to judge of the good or ill state of a horse's although it is customary with some to put him to hunt body. at four years old, yet at that age his joints not being He ought to lay his hands on his short ribs near the well knit, nor he attained to his best strength and cou- Aank, and if his fat feels to be exceeding soft and tender, rage, he is unable to perform any work of speed and and to yield as it were under his hand, then he may be toughness, and will be in great danger of ftrains, and other confident it is unsound, and that the least violent labour maladies, and also a daunting of his spirit, andabating his or travel will dissolve it; which being dissolved before natural courage.
it be hardened by good diet, if it be not then removed Your horse being full five, you may, if you please, by scowering, the fat or grease belonging to the output him to grass, from the middle of May till Barthilo ward parts of the body will fall down into his heels, and mew.tide, for then the season will be so hot, it will not be so cause goutiness and swelling. convenient to work him.
After, by feeling on his ribs, he has found his fat Bartholomew-lide being now come, and the pride and soft and unfound, then let him feel his chaul; and if he strength of the grass nipped by the severe froits and finds any felhy substance, or great round kernels or cold dews, so that the nourishment of it turns to raw knots, he may be assured that as his outward fat has crudities, and the coldness of the night abates as much been unsound, fo inwardly he is full of glut, and purof his flesh and lust as he gets in a day, take him from five, by means of gross humours cleaving to the hollow grass while his coat lies finooth and sleek. See Sra- places of his lungs, &c. BLE.
This fat is to be enfeamed and hardened by moderate Having brought him home, let your groom set himn exercise, warm cloathing, and gentle phyfic, to cleanse up that night in fome secure and spacious house, where away his inward glut. he may evacuate his body, and so be brought to The same observations must be taken from the flank, warmer keeping by degrces, and the next day Itable which will always be found to correspond with his ribs him.
and chaul, for till it is drawn it will feel thick to your It is indeed held as a general rule among the gene- gripe, but when he is enfeamed you will perceive now rality of grooms, not to clothe or dress their horses till thing but two thick skins : and by these three obfervawo or three days after they have stabled them [though tions of the ribs, fank, and chaps, you may at any time
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The next day being to be a day of rest, order him horse, who having committed a robbery, rode on the in the same manner in every respect as on other days of same day from London to York, being a hundred and fifty reft; and as you have spent this week, you must spend miles. the next, without any alteration; and by this time, Notwithstanding their great value, and the difficulty and this management, you may depend upon it that in bringing them from Scanderoon to England by sea, yet your horse has been drawn clean enough for ordinary by the care and charge of some breeders in the north, the hunting.
Arabian horse is no ftranger to thefe parts. So, that afterwards, only taking care to hunt your A Spanish horse [in the Duke of Newcastle's opinion] horse with moderation twice or three times a week, at is the noblest horse in the world, and the most beautiful your pleasure, and according to the constitution of that can be ; no horse is so beautifully shaped all over your horse's body, you need not question but to from head to croup, and he is absolutely the best stallion have him in as good' state and strength as you can in the world, either for breed, for the manage,
the
war, desire, without danger of his wind, eye-light, feet, or the pad, hunting, or running horses; but as they are body.
excellent, fo is their price extravagant, three or four Having thus drawn your horle clean, according to hundred pistoles being a common price for a Spanish art, you will perceive those figns before-mentioned very horse. plainly, for his fleth on his short ribs and buttocks will Several have been fold for seven hundred, eight hunbe as hard as brawn, his flanks will be thin, and nothing dred, and a thousand pistoles a piece. to be felt but a double 1kin, and chaps fo clean from fat, The best Spanish horses are bred in Andalusia, and glot, or kernels, that you may hide your fifts in them ; particularly at Cordova, where the King has many studs and above all, his exercise will give plain demonftra- of mares, and so have several of the Spanish nobility and tion of the efficacy of this method of ordering him, gentry. for he will run three or four miles, three quarters Besides the great price they cost at first, the charges !peed, without sweating, or scarce so much as blow- of the journey from Spain to England is very consideraing:
ble; for they must travel from Andalusia to Bilba or When the horse has been brought to this state, you St. Sebastian, the nearest ports to England, which is at must use no more scourings after hunting [because nature least four hundred miles ; and in that hot country you has nothing to work on] but rye-bread and mash, ex- cannot with safety travel your horfe above twenty miles cept the horse be now and then troubled with some lit. a day; besides, you must be at the expence of a groom tle pose in his head; then bruise a little mustard-feed and farrier, and the casualty of sickness, lameness, in a fine linen rag, and steep it in a quart of strong ale for and death : so that if he should happen to prove three or four hours, and untying the rag, mix the mustard an extraordinary good horse, by that time you have feed and the ale with a quarter of a peck of oats, and got him home, he will also be an extraordinary dear give it to him.
oné. In the last place, the horse having been thus drawn A Turkish horse is but little inferior to the Spanish in clean, you ought to take care not to let him grow foul beauty, but somewhat odd shaped, his head being someagain, through want of either airing or hunting, or any what like that of a camel; he has excellent eyes, a thin other negligence, lest by that means you make yourself neck, excellently risen, and somewhat large of body; a double trouble.
his croup is like that of a mule, his legs not so under
limbed as that of a Barb, but very finewy, good patterns, Of Breeding Hunting and Race-Horses.
and good hoofs : they never amble, but trot very well,
and are at present accounted better stallions for gallopers Procure either an Arabian, a Spanish, a Turkish horse, than Barbs. or a Barb, for a stallion, which is well shaped, and of Some merchants tell us, that there cannot be a more good colour, to beautify your race; and fome advise noble and diverting light, to a lover of horfes, than to that he be well marked' also, though others are of walk into the pastures near Conftantinople, about foiling, opinion, that marks are not so significant as Mr. time, where he may see many hundred fine horses te. BLUNDEVIL and FREDERICO GRISSONE would have thered, and every horse has his attendant or keeper, us believe.
with his little tent placed near him to lie in, that he Those who have travelled into those parts, report, may look to him, and take care to shift him to fresh that the right Arabian horses are valued at an almost in- grass. credible rate ; at five hundred, and others say, even The price of a Turkish horse is commonly one huntwo or three thousand pounds a horse; that the Arabs dred, or one hundred and fifty pounds; and when are as careful of keeping the genealogies of their horses bought, it is difficult to get a pass; the Grand Signior as Princes are in keeping their pedigrees ; that they being so very ftriệt, that he feldom [but upon very extrakeep them with medals, and that each son's portion is ordinary occasions] permits any of his horses to be exusually two suits of arms, two fcymetars, and one of ported out of his doininions. these horses. The Arabs boast, that they will ride But if you should attain a liberty so to do, and traeighty miles a day without drawing bitt; which is novel by land, unless you have a Turk or two for a more than has been performed by several of our English convoy, you will be sure to have them seized on by the horses.
way. But much more was performed by a highwayman's And besides, you will find the same difficulties of a long journey, through Germany, great charges attending of clean wheat may be given him, or oats washed in strong it, by having a groom and farrier, who must be careful ale, for variety. that they entrust no person whatsoever with the care of Mr. MORGAN advises to scatter bay-salt and annihim but themselves, especially in shoeing him, for 'tis feeds in his provender ; but others are of opinion that the common practice beyond ica, as well as here, where this is superfluous, while the horse is in health. ever they see a fine horse, to hire a farrier to prick him, Be sure to let him liave plenty of good old sweet hay, that they may buy him for a stallion.
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the fake at a hole near the ground, that done, by you pull the bridte to bring his head into its most bebending of the stick, nip the horse-hair loop through coming posture, the bone meeting with his neck will hinthe upper holes, and put the short stick so, that the der him, especially if also he have a short and thick neck, jack-daw when he comes, finding a resting-place to with that imperfection. Itand conveniently amongst his food, perches on the JAW-TEETH. See TEETH OF A HORSE. short stick, which by his weight immediately falls, JAY. See JACK-Daw. and gives the spring advantage of holding him by the JENNY-WREN. A curious fine song-bird of a legs.
chearful nature, so that none can exceed him in his manJARDES, are callous and hard swellings in ner of singing.
JARDONS, the hinder legs of a horse, feated on This bird is of a pretty speckled colour, very pleathe outsides of the hough, as the ipavin is on the inside. sant to the eye, and when he fings, cocks up his tail, It is more to be feared than the spavin. It is not very throwing out his notes with much pleasure and sprightcommon, so that but few people know it, though it be liness. as painful as the spavin, and makes a horse hält. In this The hen breeds twice a year ;, first, about the latter case there is no remedy but firing, which does not always end of April; makes her nest with dry moss and leaves, fucceed.
so artificially that it is a very hard matter to discover it, If upon the fore-finew of the leg, between the spavin it being amongst shrubs and hedges, where ivy grows very on the inside and the jardon without, there is a circle thick; some build in old hovels, and barns, but they are that joins them, and encompasses the nerve of the such as are not used to hedges. instep, the horse is spoiled and ruined past all reco- They close their neft round, leaving but a little hole very.
to go in and out at, and will lay abundance of eggs, JARRETIER. An obsolete French word fig- sometimes to the number of eighteen, nay, fixteen nifying a horse whose houghs grow too close toge- young have been taken out of one nest, ther.
which, considering how small the bird is, appears In, inside within; and out, outside without
strange. The inner heel, the outer heel; the inner leg, the Their second time of breeding is in the middle of outer leg; the in rein, the out rein.
June, for by that time the other nest will be brought up, This way of speaking relates to several things, ac- and shift for themselves ; but if you intend to keep any cording as the horse works to the right or left, upon of them, take them at twelve or fourteen days old out of volts; or as he works along by a wall, a hedge, or some the nest, and give them sheep's heart and egg, minced very such thing
small, taking away the fat and the finews, or else some of a Thus it serves to distinguish on what hand, or what calf's or heifer's heart. side the horseman is to give the aids to a horse upon a They are to be fed in their neits very often in a day, manege.
giving them one or two morsels at one time, and no For along by a wall, the outer leg is the leg of more, left they cast it up again, by receiving more than a lide with the wall, and the other leg is the in- they could bear or digeft, and so expire. leg
They should be fed with a little stick; at the end And upon volts ; if a horse works upon the right, whereof, take up the meat about the bigness of a wite' the right heel is the inner heel, the right leg the inner pea; and when you perceive them to pick it up trova leg: and so by consequence, the left heel and left leg the stick themselves, put them into cages; afterwar js, must be the outer heel and leg.
having provided a pan or two, put some of the same meat Now the downright contrary will happen, if the horse therein, and also about the sides of every cage to entice works to the left.
them to eat; however, you must still feed them five or Now-a-days, the riding-masters, to be easier under fix times a day for better security, left they should nestood, use the terms right and left ; as for instance, assist i glect themselves and die, when all your trouble is the horse with the right heel, with the right leg, with the almost past ; as soon as they have found the way right rein; taking the situation of the heels and legs, to feed alone, give them now and then some paite; with respect to the volt. See ENLARGE, GALLOP, False, if you perceive them to eat heartily, and like it and LARGE.
very well, you may forbear giving them any more JAUNDICE IN SHEEP:
heart. Burn two ounces of alum; beat it to powder, with Further, you must once in two or three days give an ounce of turmeric. Put a drachm of saffron to them a spider or two; and if you have a mind your bird them; and give this warm in half a pint of man's ftale thould learn to whistle tunes, take the pains to teach him, urine.
and he will answer your expectation. JAW-BONES OF A Horse, should be narrow Now for the distinguishing of cocks from hens, when and lean, but the distance between them and the throat, you have got a whole neft, observe which are the large and hollow, that he may the better place his head: brownelt and largest, and mark them: also take notice if the jaw-bone be too square, that is, if there be too of their recording; for such of them as record themselves great a distance between the eye and that part of it which in the nest before they can feed themselves, and those touches his neck, it is not only ugly and unseemly, but whose throats grow big as they record, they are certainly even hinders him from placing his head; and if there be cocks. but little distance betwixt the jaw-bones, then as soon as JESSES. Ribbons that hang down from garlands or
3
crowns
Page 7
ther, and stir the composition till it is cold; then use it | known with us by the name of doring, or daring, once every day, and make more if this be not found suf.. and the callers are set upon the ground; whereficient.
as those for ortolans, are placed upon small wooden LAMPAS, is a sort of swelling in the palate of forks. LAMPERS, a horse's mouth, i. e, an inflamma- The looking glass made use of for this purpose, is
LAMPRASS, tion in the roof of his mouth made of several pieces, described Plate VIII. by the behind the nippers of his upper jaw, fo called be- figures 1, 2, 3. Take a piece of wood A, C, an inch cause it is cuild by burning with a lamp or hot and half thick, and about nine inches long; it must be iron.
cut in such a manner as to bend like a bow, as you see at It is caused by the super-abounding of blood, and its A, B, C, and that it may have fix faces according to its resorting to the first furrow of the mouth, near to the length. fore-teeth, which causes the said furrow to {weil as high The figure marked 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, represents its form as the gathers, which will hinder him from feeding, and or cut; that at 6 undermott, must be an inch and a half cause him to let his meat fall half chewer out of his broad; the faces ought so to diminish in thickness that
the uppermoit at 3 thould be but half an inch broad; the This is a natural infirmity with which all horses are five corners, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, must be let to receive as affected sooner or later, and every common farrier can many pieces of looking-glass: in the middle of the cure it.
jower face or corner of the wood marked 6, or B, in the The usual method of cure is, to take it away with an tirit figure, a hole must be made to receive a little wooden inftrument of iron made for that purpose, and heated red peg fix inches long, and a finger thick, a little pointed at hot.
the end, with a small hole in the middle 1, there to fasten But in the operation great care must be taken, that in a cord. burning the fielh you do not touch the bone ; for if you Then take another piece of wood, fix inches thick, do, the bone will scale, and several dangerous conse. and a foot long, sharpened at the end Q, in order to fix quences may follow.
it to the ground; make a mortise in it at M, 0, about LANDING-NET, IN ANGLING, a small net ex- two inches high, and one inch and a half deep or broad; tended upon a ring or hoop, and fastened to the end then bore or pierce a hole in the said piece above at N, of a long manageable pole, to allift in bringing fish to and continue the hole to the bottom of the notch M,0; land.
into this hole you are to put the peg I, B, as represented LANDING-HOOK, IN ANGLING, is also necessary in the third figure; when it is thus fixed, put a small to the safe bringing large fish to shore, and are made cord or line into the hole, and twisting it about, your with a screw to fasten into a socket at the end of a pole, looking-glafs is finished. You must place it between which when your filh is entangled, you put it into its the two nets, near the middle of them, and carry the mouth, and draw it to land. It is used chiefy for barbel, line to the edge; so that pulling the line, you may salmon, and other strong fish.
make the looking glass play in and out, as children do a LANNER, OR TUNISIAN FALCON. The whirligig: keep it always turning, that the twinkling LANNERET,
}
lanner is a hawk common in of the glass against the sun may provoke the larks to all countries, especially in France, making her eyry come and view it. The right season for this sport on high trees in forests, or on high cliffs near the sea- begins in September, and especially white frosty mornfide.
ings. She is less than the falcon-gentle, fair-plumed when Some catch larks with a clap-net. at enter-mewer, and of shorter talons than any These birds, when it freezes hard, go in great flocks, other.
and Ay from one field to another, in quest of their food; LARGE ; a horse is said to go large and wide when and they first fly low, near the ground, and alight where he gains or takes in more ground in going wider of they see some others : now in order to take them, you the centre of the volt, and describing a greater circum- must provide yourself with three sticks, like to those ference.
here represented at D, E, F, five or fix feet long, very LARK, a small grey bird, that fings in the morning straight, and strong enough, with a notch at each end: when it is fair weather, and breeds in May, July, and at the end of which fasten on one side a sick as at E, a Augus, when the young ones are able to quit their nests foot and a half in length, and on the other side a small in ten or twelve days: there are larks that fly in flocks, peg two or three inches long; one of these two poles or and these are the first birds that proclaim the approach iticks must have two flicks tied to the end, opposite to of summer ; and others, that keep more close to the one another, and there must be two other small stick; or ground, as the sky-lark, and wood-lark ; both forts feed pegs fastened to the side of each stake, as you see deupon worms and ants: they are good food, when young Icribed in the figure marked G, L, X, 1, H. The and well fed : their Aesh is firm, brown, juicy, and easy stick 1, X, must have two notches at its ends ; one at of digestion. They make use of the heart and blood of X, there to place the net at the end 1, where the two a lark in the wind and stone-cholic: they are also ac- sticks G, H, are fastened, and to the side of each stick counted good for those troubled with the gravel, and the pegs L, I; and when you intend to catch larks, phlegm in the kidneys and bladder.
three or four men nuust go from one field to another, The way of taking larks is with nets, as they do or- which must be pretty even and not hilly, and pitch your tolans, only they use a looking-glass for the first, nets; the three sticks must be fastened together at both
Page 8
gentle purge may be given, and a few malhes of bran; ball: and on the days in which this purge is not operatwhich, perhaps, by aflisting nature, may perfect a ing, give the following cure: but if the disease continues, and the horse loses fich, grows dispirited and feeble, recourse must be had
Stomach Drink. to astringents: when the dung is like that of a cow, but the vigour of the horse not impaired, he is said to have Take of oak-bark, bruised, half a pound; Gentian a lax; but when the strength and flelh fails he is said root, sliced, one pound; ginger, bruiled, two ounces; to have a scouring or purging.
infuse them in a gallon of ale three or four days, and When a scouring comes on at the latter end of any give half or three quarters of a pint every night and obftinate and tedious disease, as low, putrid fevers, inorning. farcy, &c. they are usually the forerunners of death, When a viscid matter, obstructing the mouths of the particularly if they are accompanied with a disagreeable lacteals, gives rise to this disorder, a summer's grass, discharge at the same time from the nose.
or, which is still better, the salt marsh, will effect If the scouring proceeds from cold, and there is some a cure: where these cannot be obtained, the stomach degree of fever, according to the ftrength of the horfe purge before directed may be given once a week. and the violence of the heat, bleed; then give the fol- In any of the above cales, where there is a discharge lowing:
of sharp, fimy matter, with severe griping, avoid oily Take of rhubarb, half an ounce, or fix drachms; and greasy things, but give the following in clysters, lenitive electuary,. two ounces; mix, and make a ball. viz. Tripe-liquor, or very thin starch; either of these
Repeat this, every two or three days, until the fever may be given to three or four pints at a time, and liquid abates: and betwixt the days of giving the rhubarb, give laudanum, to the quantity of forty or fixty drops, may the following medicine once a-day.
be added to one of the clyfters, to moderate the pains,
and repeated as may feem needful. Astringent Decoction.
When blood appears with the excrement, it is called
the bloody Aux: in which cafe, if there is great pain, Take oak bark, grolly powdered: boil it in a pint and frequent motions for a difeharge, there is also a of water to the consumption of one-third, then pour great danger. In this case give frequent clyfters of off the liquor for one dose:
tripe-broth, or thin ftarch, with thirty or forty drops Except the fever and purging increased together, of liquid laudanum in each, until the pain is abated in great care should be taken not to check the purging left fome measure; and give the same medicines as above the fever be increased thereby.
directed for the more obftinate scourings, particularly If little or no fever attends, after bleeding, give the the ball made with cerated glass of antimony, and corfollowing folutive ball:
dial ball. For common drink give the following: Take of aloes half an ounce; diapente, one ounce; Boil a pound of burnt hartíhorn in ten pints of wa. treacle enough to make a ball: repeat this once a week, ter to a gallon, at the latter end of the boiling, add to and if there is much griping and diftention from wind, it four ounces of gum arabic, continually stirring until the restringent clyfter will be necessary.
the gum is diffolved, then remove the whole froin the It may be proper to remind the reader, that in these fire. complaints, clyfters should be small in quantity; and Mr. LAWRENCE speaking of the Lax or Scouring, or if the disease is violent, they should be repeated as oft- Diarrhaa, says, as follows: There is a nervous diaren as they come away. If there is great pain, forty rhæa in horses, which, those subject to it are generally drops of liquid laudanum may be added to one of the young, and of a weak and irritable habit: it atiends clyfters, and repeated as the urgency thereof requires. ihem only whilft in work, wnen they seldom carry any
'If the scouring still continues without relief, give flesh; the complaint is out of the reach of medicine, two drachms of cerated glass of antimony, mixed with but will sometimes subside spontaneously, after a few one ounce of diacodium, or two ounces of cordial years
use. These delicate horses require great care ball
and dietetic attention to render them of much use. Alum, Armenian bole, or other astringent and ab- Strong nutriment, but in moderate quantities at a time. forbent medicines, are given to one ounce, once or Good old dried beans in their oats, lucern or the hardtwice a day, but usually one or two doses will answer eft and best upland hay; rice malhes, carrots, occathe end.
sional runs at grass. If the cause is a weak digestion, which is known by The scouring in horses which requires and admits the food palling nearly in the same state in which the a remedy, may arise from various caules: from an acriftomach received it : the dung being very foft and monious ichor in the stomach and intestines, from the pale; the appetite small, and the horse very lean: be fermentation and sudden dissolution of excrement long lide gentle exercise and dry food, such as the best hay, retained, from the solution of perspirable matter thrown beans in larger quantities than are usually given, and upon the lower bowels, on occafion of drinking cold those so moistened tnat the horse need not drink much, water when hot, or other causes of cold, from colliquagive the following stomach-purge, and repeat it as oc- tion of the fatty fubstance of the body in being over cafion may require.
heated by excessive labour, elpecially when out of conTake of aloes, half an ounce; cream of tartar and dition; or lastly, diarrhæa may be a concomitant, or myrrh, each half an ounce; treacle enough to make a termination of díleale. 2
As
Page 9
the right hand, to lead with his left fore foot; and Your horses that have a thin fore hand, i. e, small
when he gallops to the left-hand, to lead with the right ilioulders, are commonly light upon the band.
fore-foot.
We call a coach-horse light, when he stirs nim-
Stopping ; for when you come to a place of ftop, or bly, and dreads the whip; or, when he has a light would itop, by a sudden drawing in of the bridle-hand, trot.
somewhat hard and ibarp, make him stop close, firm, and All your light coach-horfes are good, and a hard hea.
Itraight, in an even line; and it he err in any thing, put vy coach-horte, that takes the lathing easily, is good for
him to it again, and leave him not till you have made him nothing. Light Hand. See HAND.
understand his error and amend it.
LIGHTEN. To lighten a horse, to make a horse Advancing; with wlrich if you accompany the afore. light in the fore-hand, is to make him free and lighter in mentioned stop a little from the ground it will be bet- the fore-hand than behind, ter, and may be done by laying the calves of your legs If you would make your horse light, you ought to to his sides, and shaking the rod over him as he stops : find him always disposed to a gallop when you put him and if he does not understand it at first, yet by to a trot, and after galloping some time, put him back to continuance and labouring him therein, he will soon a trot again. attain to it, especially if you do not forget to cherilh LIGHT-BELLIED Horse, is one that commonly him, when he shews the least token of apprehending has flat, narrow, and contracted sides, which makes the you.
flank turn up like that of a greyhound. Retiring is another leffon, after stopping and advanc- Such a horse has but a little flank, he is light-bellied, ing; and this motion must be both cherished and in- he travels and feeds but little, because he has too much .creased, making it fo familiar to him, that none may be mettle. .more perfect; neither is he to retire in a confused nian- LIGS IN A HORSE, are little pushes, wheals or bladner, but with a brave rein, a conitant head, and a direct ders, within the lips of a horse, and are cured by bruising line; nor Mould he draw or sweep his legs one after an- wormwood and skirwort in a mortar, with a little honey, other, but take them clean, nimbly, and easily, as when to anoint the fores with. he trots forward.
LIME-BUSH. A device to catch birds with ; LEVERET. A young hare, fo called in the first year which is performed in this manner. Cut down an arm
or bough of any buihy tree, whose twigs are thick and LEVINER.
A hound of a very singular scent, long, yet smooth and itraight, then neatly cut off all the LYEMER.
}
and incomparable swiftness: this fuperfluous twigs, and having your strong birdlime well is as it were a middle kind, betwixt a harrier and a grey mixed, wrought together with capon's or goose-grease, hound, as well for his kind, as the form or shape of his warm and fit the work by daubing over of an equal body This dog, for the excellency of his condition, thickness the twigs or branches that are left within four viz. his smelling and swift running, followeth the game fingers of the bottom, but the body and arms must be with more eagerness, and taketh the prey with great free; place your bush, thus prepared, on some quickset quickness.
or dead hedge for a spring season; near a town's-end, LIBERTY OF THE TONGUI, is a void space left in a farm-yard, &c. in summer and harvest, in groves, in the middle of a bitt, to give place to the tongue of a horse, hedges, or corn fields, orchards, fax, halm, or rape-land; made by the bitt's arching in the middle, and rising to- and in winter, about barns, ftables, corn-fields, and wards the roof of the mouth.
stacks of corn, where chaff and grain are scattered up The various forms of the liberty give name to the and down. bitt.
The bush being so fet, place yourself in some conveHence we say a scatch-mouth, a Pignatelle, i. e. with nient station, where you may lie concealed, and near the the liberty of Pignatelle's fashion; a cannon-mouth, with bush you are to have about half a dozen stales fixed, the liberty like a pigeon's neck.
whose chirping and singing will entice others thereto. LICE, IN CATTLE, to destroy.
You should also be provided with bird-calls of several Anoint with oil of turpentine or linseed oil, and flour sorts. . The bush may also be used in taking field-fares, of brimstone. And,
by fastening it upon a tree, and having fixed some stales, To kill worms and maggots. Get black foap, or beat the adjacent grounds to raise them, and when they for want of it, other soap; mix it with tar or tar-wa- elpy the Itales, they will light on the tree and bush for ter, and anoint the place this will not only kill the company. present, but even prevent the future from breeding in But for taking pheasants with these lime-bushes and sore places.
rods, take your call and use it, keep yourself secret, and LIGHT HORSE, is a swift nimble runner.
in one place, till you have enticed them about you, as We likewise call a horse light that is well made, they are taken by the rods on the ground, so you will though he is neither swift nor active; for in this last ex- surprize them with your bulhes; for being scared from prefion we consider only the shape and make of a horse, below, they will take perch and see what becomes of without regard to his qualities.
their fellows, and when one is limed, by her striving and LIGHT UPON THE HAND. A horse is said to be such, struggling, and the rest coming and gazing to see what is that has a good tractable mouth, and does not rest too befallen her, they will be in danger of being likewise heavy upon the bitt.
limed. It is requisite to number the lime-rods, for when
you
Page 10
take them up, with as little noise as may be ; and let roughs and the conies they feldom miss; and this is him that carries the light and low-bell be the foremost to their common practice in hunting; yet they use other take them up, without being too hasty, for fear of raising fubtleties, as the tumbler does, fome of them bring. others.
ing in their game, and those are the best. The sound of the low-bell causes the birds to allo observable that a lurcher will run down a hare at lie close, and not to stir while you lay the net over stretch. them.
LURE [in Falconry] a device of leather, in the shape If you would practise this sport by yourself, carry the of two wings, stuck with feathers, and baited with a piece low-bell in one hand, and in the other a net, about two of flesh, to call back a hawk when at a considerable dif. feet broad and three long, with a handle, which is to ta lay upon them as you elpy them: but some persons, inficada por holding the light to their breast, tie the low.bell MAPA CONhem in the neck; let them blood in
ADNESS IN Cattle, . to their girdle, and their motion causes the bell to Itrike: and the light they carry in their hand, ex: the temples, under the eyes, and in the ears ; let them tending' their arm before them ; but then their bleed very well, and give them fenugreck, turmeric, lanthorn or box, is not so large as that hung at the long pepper, and green anniseeds, all in like portions, breaft.
and but three penny-worth in the whole, with the juice LOYAL. A horse is said to be loyal that freely of rue, or else very small grains, put together: give it bends all his force, in obeying and performing any ma- them in a quart of firong ale or beer milk-warm, but nage he is put to, does not defend himself or refiit, not give one half of the thinnest in at their nostrils, and the. withstanding his being ill treated.
rest at their mouth. A loyal mouth is an excellent mouth, of the nature This disease is easily found out ; for they will of such as we call mouths with a full reft upon the reel as they go, and set their head into iheir neck, ur hand.
against a wall or a gate, and two men can hardly stir LUNGS. See PLEURA.
them. LUNGS of Asses, imperfections in, are known by MADNESS in Dogs. See Dogs MADNESS. painful or heavy breathings or pantings, to remove MADNESS, or FRENZY in hurfes. which,
This disease is very dangerous, and often terminates Boil mugwort and bay-leaves in water ; sweeten it in death, and is occasioned by hot and fiery humours, with brown sugar, or sugar-candy if you can get it, and unleasonably mixing with the blood which by its afgive a pint at morning and evening.
cending inflammation afflicts the brain, that principal LUNGS IN Beasts, growing of. The lungs of seat of life: and this is known by the staring of the beasts are very oft subject to sickness or stopping, as horse, the distorting of his eyes, hanging of his ears, will appear by their coughing, and wheesing, and some staggering and giddiness, his often crying and forsaking times hanging forth their tongues a great while after, his meat, and, if it be wrought to a height, his often which is a great sign of an impediment in their beating himself againit the posts, manger, and other lungs.
places he can conveniently come at, biting, stamping, Take a pint of tanner's oaze ; blend it with a pint of and flying about, with many the like disorders. The new milk, an ounce of sugar-candy, two penny-worth of remedy is, sallad oil, and two spoonfuls of tar; and give it to the Speedily let him blood in the temple veins, and if he beast warm at twice.
bleed not freely there, strike him in the neck veins, Also you may give them two balls [each as big when having bled sufficiently, take the roots of gourds, as an egg] or tar, butter, garlic, and sugar-candy, or wild cucumbers, black hellebore, rue, and mint, with blended together, and it will mend them very speedily. virga pastoris, of each a handful, boil them in beer or Or,
fair running water, and give him the liquid part very Take cloves, anniseeds, long-pepper, turmeric and fe. warm, and doing so three or four times it will purify nugreek, of each an ounce; boil them in small ale, and and purge the blood; but if you suppose it too weak for give half a pint hot in a morning for a week.
the horle's constitution, you may diffolve in it an ounce LUNGS OF GOATs, consumptive, to cure.
of well washed aloes; and observe in this case above all Take the leaves of dew-berries or brambles, scabious things to keep him
warm. and comfrey, each a handful, liquorice and anniseeds MADNESS IN RABBITS; a disorder not uncommon, each an ounce, boil them in small beer a quart or three and is caused by corrupt blood, by rankness of feeding, pints, strain it out, and give half a pint warm morning and is known by their leaping, tumbling, and and evening.
wallowing with their heels upwards, The remedy LUNES. [in Falconry] leashes, or long lines is, - LOWINGS. to call in hawks.
Strew endive, parsley and hart-thistle about their LUNETS. A sort of leather spectacles for vicious holes, and by eating these it will cure them. horses.
MADNESS IN Swine should be speedily looked to, LURCHER. A kind of hunting-dog, much like a as it is a dangerous diftemper, mostly caused through mongrel greyhound, with pricked cars, a shagged coat, worms breeding in the head, and sometimes makes the and generally of a yellowish white colour : they are swine destroy himself by beating against the fty, or very swift runners, so that if they get between the bur- tumbling down some steep place, or into the water,
Page 11
If poor feeding and hard work is the cause, the cure times from the head and neek, but very frequently from will be obvious.
the rump; the skin in these parts, by reason of the heat
and corrosiveness of the matter, turns thick, hard, and Sublimate Walb.
sometimes crusted, like that of an elephant, and the lit
tle hair that remains in those parts stands almost always Take of sublimate mercury, half ar. ounce; lime-wa. straight out or briltly; the ears are commonly naked, ter, a pint ; mixed.
without hair ; the eyes and eye-brows the same: and, When the horse is thoroughly cured of this distem- when it affects the limbs, it gives them the same aspect : per, it will be necessary to wash the floor of the stable yet thc skin is not raw, nor peels off, as in the surfeit; very well with soap-suds, and fume it well with burn- and it is from these appearances several farriers have ing pitch or charcoal. His cloaths also should be laid termed it the elephantic malady. in scalding water, washed very clean with soap and tho- As to the cure, most farriers lay a great stress on roughly dried, before they are used again ; for if these bleeding, insomuch, that they drain away blood from precautions are not used, other horses will be liable to several parts of the body at once, viz. from the neck, the infection.
the plate-veins, the tail, and sometimes from the flanks; Another method of cure is : Take staves-acre seeds, and all this from a firm but ignorant conceit, that in two handfuls, infuse it in a quart of strong vinegar and the mange the blood is full of corruption; which, upon hot alhes; wash the mangy parts with this liquor, and it examining what has been already faid, will be found a will cure it in twice bathing.
ridiculous practice, and very pernicious, especially to In a flight case, strong tobacco infufion, with one those horses that are low and out of heart; as nothing third stale urine, soaked well into the affected places, fo often makes the disease degenerate into an ill habit, may succeed; but as an efficacious unguent, take the which may easily be followed by boils and ulcers, as it following : strong mercurial unction, half a pound; weakens the whole body, and thereby adds to that which brimitone finely powdered, four ounces; black soap, is the cause of the distemper. two ounces; crude fal ammoniac, an ounce and half; Therefore all that can be proposed by bleeding, is to make the ointment with oil of bays, or of turpentine. lessen the quantity thereof, when it happens to be redunOr, tar, gunpowder finely beaten, black soap, and oil of dant in a horse, in order to give a freer passage and cirturpentine. In cases of long standing, where the ulcer- culation to the juices in the extreme parts, that the secreations are so extremely foul, or if you will, the animal. tions of the skin may be duly performed, and this I judge cula, so strong and vigorous as to resist all moderate ap- very necessary. After once bleeding, the following plications, the following ointment may be ventured : drench may be given : burot alum and borax, in fine powder, two ounces Take jalap, in powder, an ounce and a half ; faleach; white vitriol and verdigris, powdered, of each, polychrelt, and cream of tartar, of each one ounce; carfour ounces; put
them into a pot over the fire with two raway-feeds and anniseeds, of each an ounce and a half, pound of honey, or lard and honey, equal parts, stir- in powder; mix them in a quart of warm water for one ring till they are well incorporated; when cold, add dose. Or, two ounces strong aqua-fortis. But I should conceive Take senna three ounces; boil it in two quarts of the first ointment equal to almost every case, which be- water to one quart, then itrain it, and add jalap and ing used at night, the fores if need be, may be washed cream of tartar, of each an ounce; and buckthorn syrup, twice a day with the sublimate water. Take half an two ounces. ounce of sublimate, in powder, disolve in a pint and
Either of these may be given, with the usual precauhalf of water.
Malhes, &c. in course; cloathing and tions, but they should not be often repeated; for purgevery precaution against cold. Finish the cure with well ing is no otherwise necessary for the cure of the itch washing in plenty of soap and warm water, rubbing tho-than bleeding, and only gives it a gentle help when roughly dry with linen cloths.
rightly used, as it cools and refreshes a plethoric and It generally proceeds from tno great a quantity of full-bodied horse. viscid ferum, bred in the bodies of horses by corrupt After these things recourse must be had to outward and foul feeding, as the eating of grains, a too frequent applications, for it is these alone that must give the fiuse of hot malhes, want of due exercise, and the want nithing stroke to it, as the diftemper is feated outwardly of currying, elpecially to a horse that has been used to and not deep-rooted; for that purpose nothing has ever it; for, by that means the pores become obstructed, been found more effectual than fulphur, for which it and the ferofities of the blood are thereby accumulated bears the test of all ages, and, if it sometimes proves in the small vessels of the skin; sometimes it proceeds otherwise, it is altogether owing to the ill management from want of food and dne nourishment; whereby the of it, or the other preposterous methods that are made blood, being depauperated, is rendered unable to reach use of along with it; the following will kill any mange the passages of the skin, to make a secretion there, so in the beginning: that its ferous parts, being detained in the small vefsels, Take flour of brimstone, elecampane-root, and white grow corrosive, and break through the skin ; and some hellebore, all in fine powder, of each fix ounces; black times it is caused by infection from other horses.--The pepper, powdered, and oil of tartar, of each one ounce signs are the falling off of the hair, especially about the and a halt; strong mercurial ointment, fix ounces; hog'sloins and hams, and from most or all of the joints, ac- lard, three pounds; mix them well together into a loft cording as the distemper is more or less prevalent ; some-ointment. 'Or,
Take
Page 12
much fcalding-hot water is poured as 'will wet it very if then he clap his ears in his pole, or whisks his tail,
well, when that is done, fir it about, till, by tasting, then he may be sure that he bears him hard; and then
you find it as sweet as honey; and when it has stood he ought to give him as much comfort as he can, by
till it is lukewarm, it is to be given to the horse. fawing his fnaffle to and fro in his mouth, and by that
This liquor is only used after a purge, to make it work means forcing him to open his mouth, which will
the better ; or after hard labour, or instead of drink in comfort him and give him wind. the time of any great sickness.
If in the time of riding there is any high wind stirMASTIGADOUR, OR SLABBERING-Bitt, is a ring, if it be in his face, he should let the adversary fnaffle of iron, all smooth, and of a piece, guarded lead, he holding hard behind himn till he fees an opporwith pater-nosters, and composed of three-halfs of tunity of giving a loose; yet he must take care to keep great rings, made into demi-ovals, of unequal bigness, so close to him
that his adversary's horse may break the the lefler being inclosed within the greatest, which wind from his, and that he, by stooping low in his ought to be about half a foot high. A maftigadour is fcat, may shelter himselt under him, which will affift mounted with a head-stall and two reins.
the strength of his horle. The horse in champing upon the mastigadour, keeps But, on the contrary, if the wind be at his back, he his mouth 'frelh and moist, by virtue of the froth and must rise exactly behind him, that his own horse
may foam that he draws from his brain:
alone enjoy the benefit of the wind, by being as it to the mastigadour, is to set his were blown forward, and by breaking it from his ad. 'croupe to the manger, and his head between two pillars versary, as much as possible. in the stable.
In the next place, observe what ground your horse Horses that use to hang out their tongue, cannot do delights most to run on, and bear the horse [as much it when the mastigadour is on, for that keeps their as your adversary will give you 'leave] on level carpet tongue fo much in subjection, that they cannot put it ground, because the horse will naturally be desirous to out.
speed him more freely thereon; but on deep earths TO MATCH, [amongst Cock-masters], to match give him more liberty, because he will naturally favour cocks, is to see they be of an equal height, length and himself thereupon. bigness in body.
If you are to run up hill, don't forget by any means To go to MATCH, [with Hunters]; a wolf at rut- to favour your horse, and bear him for fear of running ting-time is said to go to match, or mate.
him out of wind; but if it be down hill, [if your
horfe's feet and shoulders will endure it, and you dare Of riding a Hunting-Match, or Heats for a Plate. venture your neck] always give him a loose.
This may be observed as a general rule, that if you In order to ride to the beft advantage, either a hunt- find your horse to have the heels of the other, that ing-match, or three heats and a courle for a plate, then you be careful to preserve his speed till the last
The first thing requisite is a rider, who ought to be train-scent, if you are not to run a straight course; but a faithful one, in whom you can confide; and he if so, then till the end of the course, and so to husband fhould have a good close feat, his knees being held it then also, that you may be able to make a push for it firm to his saddle-skirts, his toes being turned inwards, at the last post. and his spurs outward from the horse's fides, his left hand In the next place you are to acquaint yourfelf, as govern the horse's mouth, and his right commanding the well as you can, of the nature and temper of your adwhip; taking care, during the whole time of the trial, versary's horse, and if he be fiery then to run juft beto fit firm in the saddle, without waving, or standing up hind, or just check by joul, and with your whip make in the stirrups, which actions do very much incommode as much noise as you can, that you may force him on a horse, notwithstanding the conceited opinion of some faster than his rider would have him, and by that jockies, that it is a becoming seat.
means spend him the sooner; or else keep just before In fpurring his horse, he Thould not strike him hard him, on such a Now gallop, that he may either overwith the calves of his legs, as if he would beat the reach, or by treading on your horse's Icels, [if he will wind out of his body, but just turning his toes out- not take the leading, endanger falling over. wards, and bringing his fpurs quick to his sides; and. Take notice allo on what ground your opponent's such a sharp stroke will be of more service towards the horse runs the worst, and be lure to give a loose on quickening of the horse, and sooner draw blood. that earth, that he being forced to toilow you, may be
Let him be sure never to fpur him but when there is in danger of Itumbling, or clapping on the back finews. occafion, and avoid spurring him under the fore-bow- In the like manner in your riding obterve the several els, between his Shoulders and girths, near the heart, helps and correctious of the hand, the whip, and the [which is the tenderest place of a horfe] till the lait es- fpur, and when, and how often he makes ute of them; tremity.
and when you perceive that his horfe begins to be As to the whipping the horse, it ought to be over the blown, by any of the former symptors, as clapping fhoulder on the near tide, except upon hard running. down his cars, whisking his tail, holding out his nose and when you are at all, then Itrike the horse in the like a pig, &c. you may then take it for granted that Aank with a frong jerk, the ikin being tenderest there, he is at the height of what he can do; and therefore in and most sensible of the lash.
this case, take notice how your own rides, and if he He must observe, when he whips and spurs his runs more chearlully and itrungly, without spurring, 'horse, and is certain that he is at the top of his speed, then be sure to keep your adveriary to the same speed,
Page 13
Take oil of turpentine, four ounces, tin&ture of myrrh will be apt to rise upon his two hind feet, which a horse and aloes, one ounce; mixed.
of a harder mouth would not do See Appui. Or, instead of this embrocation, rub the part with spi- A mouth that bears more than a full rest upon
the rit of wine.
hand, implies, a horse that does not obey but with great Give one of the following balls three times a day: difficulty.
Take of Peruvian-bark, four ounces ; Virginian snake You will readily stop this horse, for his mouth is root, two ounces; camphor, two draciims; mix them above a full appui upon the hand. See AppUI. well, and make them into four balls.
Disorders in the Mouth of a Horse, viz. the Lampas, MOTION; this horse has a pretty motion. from the Latin Lampascus, is an inflammation and tu
This expression implies the freedom of the motion of mour of the first bar of a young horse's mouth, adjointhe fore legs, when a horse bends them much upon the ing the upper fore-teeth, which prevents his chewing. manage ; but if a horse trots quite out, and keeps his La Fosse and BRACKEN were in an error to deny the body Atraight, and his head high, and bends his fore existence of this inconvenience. GIBSON afferts legs handsomely, then to say he has a pretty motion that burning and usual repellents are apt to prevent a with him, implies the liberty of the action of the fore- discharge, and prejudice the eyes, but it is advisable to hand. MOURNING OF
be defei red a week, giving during the interval scalded NING THE CHINE.
See Chine, malhes and warm gruel, and bleeding if indicated ; MOURNING OF.
should the inflammation still continue, cauterize the MOUTH OF A Horse, should be moderately well tumid parts lightly, without penetrating deep enough to cloven, for when it is too much, there is more diffi- scale off the thin bone fubjacent of the upper bars. culty to bitt a horse so as that he may not swallow it, Wash with salt and water first, and afterwards heal with as horsemen term it.
a mixture of French brandy, Red Port wine, and And if he has a little mouth, it will be difficult to honey. get the mouth of the bitt rightly lodged therein.
Relaxation and Swelling of the Palate from Cold. Use the A horse, to have a good mouth, should have a well above mixture, with a little addition of pepper, ginger, raised neck, and if it be somewhat large and thick, it or fpirit of sal ammoniac. ought to be at least well turned, his reins strong and Bloody Chinks, or Chops in the Palote, from thistles, well shaped, and legs and feet likewise.
whins, or other prickly feed. Examine and wash with If all these prove right, no doubt but the horse has a falted water, or salt and vinegar, using the mixture very good mouth; but if his jaw-bones be too close, afterwards, From neglect, the roof of the mouth may and he have also a short and thick neck, so that he can be inflamed and ulcerated, puncture with a small pointed not place his head right, his having a good mouth cautery. will avail but little, because no use can be made of Giggs, Bladders, or Flaps in the Mouth, these are the it.
old terms for soft tumours, or pustules with black heads, The compliance and obedience of a horse, is owing, growing in the inside of the lips, level with the great partly, to the tender or quick sense of his mouth, which jaw-teeth; in some cart-horses they have been known to makes him afraid of being hurt by the bitt, and partly by equal the fize of a walnut ; and at any size are painful, the natural disposition of his members, and his own in- and prevent mastication. Draw out the tongue, and use clinations to obły.
the knife or cautery, cleansing and healing as above. The The mouth is called sensible, fine, tender, light, and Cumery or Fro:ence, or small indurated tumours upon the loyal.
palate, cure as above. Your horle has fo fine a mouth, that he stops if the Barbs or Pups, are smallexcrescences under the tongue, horseman does but bend his body behind, and raise his which appear by drawing it aside; when preternaturally hand, without staying for the pull or check of the enlarged, cut them close. bridle.
Canker in the Mouth, or rather ulcers with little white A mouth is said to be fixed and certain, when a horse specks proceeding from gigs and warts neglected; the does not chack or beat upon the hand.
i cautery moderately heated is perhaps the best remedy : A frelh, foaming mouth.
it is supposed the mixture with the addition of sal amA strong, desperate, spoiled mouth; a talle mouth is a moniac, sharp enough, but if not, apply several times a mouth that is not at all fentible, though the parts look day, Egyptiacum and tincture of myrrh, sharpened with well, and are well formed.
oil of vitriol ; or, fublimate water; or, burnt aluin, honey, A mouth of a full appui, or reft upon the hand, is one and tincture of roses. that has not the tender nice sense of fome fine mouth, Hurts in the Tongue and Mouth, from Tharp, or heavy but nevertheless has a fixt and certain reit, and suffers a bitts. Touch several times a day with the first mixhand that's a little hard, without chacking or beating ture, to which tincture of myrrh may be added, proupon the hand, without bearing down or refiting the bite, ceeding with the iharper applications Mould they be neinfomuch that he will bear a jerk of the bridle without cessary. Examine the jaw-bone, which is too often inbeing much moved.
jured likewise, carefully removing any splinters. The If you go to the army provide yourself a horse with a galling of the bitts and trappings iš frequently the occa. mouth that bears a full reft upon the hand, for if you lion of those many instances we have of horses breaking take one of a fine, nice, tender mouth, and another away in single harness. Very frequently the brydoon horse comes to shock or run against him in a fight, he is so tight, that the horse's jaws are drawn up as if with a.
pulley, 3
Page 14
ing from the withers, rise with a flope upwards, dimi- that the fowl cannot creep through them] the better it mitning by degrees toward the head.
will be, for they entangle them the more certainly. In mares, it is a good quality to have their necks Let not the nets be above iwo fathoms deep, and fix somewhat gross, and charged with fleih, because their in length, which is the greatelt proportion that a comnecks are generally too fine and Nender.
non man is able to overthrow. Verge the rets on the Deer necks, or cock-throppled, are those, in which outside with very strong cord, and extend it at each end the flesh that should be next the mane, is set quite be- upon long poles made for that purpose, low, and next the throat, which renders the neck ill- Being provided with nets, observe the haunts of shaped and ugly.
fowls, or their morning and evening feeding-places, A wellThaped neck contributes very much to the coming to them, at least two hours before thole sealons, making him light or heavy of the hand, according as it and spreading the net smooth and flat upon the ground, is fine or coarie.
ftaking down the two lower ends firm ; let the upper NECK, OR THROAT, swelling of the, in Swine. ends Itand extended upon the long cord, the farther When the swelling rises, which is often dangerous, end thereof being taked fast down to the earth, two or bleed him under the tongue and tail, make a plaitter of three fathom froin the net, and let the itake which the yolks of eg s, bees-wax, wheat flour, and Burgun- Itaketh down the cord, stand in a direct and even line dy pitch ; put coriander feeds and sliced horse radilh, in with the lower verge of the net, ftill observing the difthe trough amongst his meat, which must be bran and tance; then the other end of the cord, wliich must be wash very warm.
at least ten or twelve fathom long, the fowler must NEEZINGS; in order to purge a horse's head when hold in his hand, at the uttermolt distance aforesaid, it is stopped with phlegm, cold, and other gross hu- where he mould make some artificial shelter either of mours, and to make him neeze; there is nothing bet- grass, fods, carth, or some such like matter, where he ter than to take a branch of pellitory of Spain, and tying may lie out of the light of the fowl. the same to a stick, put it up his noftrils, and it will ope- Take care that the net may lie so ready for the rate upon him without hurt or violence.
game, that upon the least pull, it may rite froin the NEIGHING, is thecry of a horse. Such a horse neighis. earth, and Ay' over.
NET-MAKING; by nets here is meant, such as are Screw over all the net, as it lies upon the ground, useful to take fowl with'; for the making of which, the Come grass, that you may hide it from the fowl. It will instruments or tools required, are wooden needles, where- also be convenient to take down a live hern ncar your of you should have about half a dozen of divers forts, some net, or some other fowl formerly taken, for a ftale. round, and others flat; also, a pair of flat, round-pointed
When
you see a good number of fowls, come within scissars, and a wheel to wind off the thread; the pack- the verge of the net, draw the cord suddenly, and caft. thread must be the best and evenest that can be got, the net over them : continue your sport till the fun be greater or smaller, according to the fowl you design to near an hour high, and no longer, for then their feedtake: the meshes must be about two inches from point ing is over for that time; but you may go again in the to point, for the larger they are, it is the better to entan- evening, from about sun-set till twilight. ige fowl.
By this means you may take, not only great quanti. But the nets must be neither too deep nor too long, ties of large wild fowl, but also plovers. or that will render them troublesomc to manage, but To take small water-fowl with nets, make your nets let them be well verged on each side with a long of the smallest and strongest packthread, but the meshes twifted thread.
must not be near so big as those for larger fowl, about As for the colouring, the ruslet ones are made so by two feet and a half, or three feet deep. putting them into a tanner's pit, where they must lie Line these nets on both sides with small nets, every till they are well coloured ; and this tincture is also an mesh being about an inch and a half square, each way, excellent preserver of them.
that as the fowl striketh either through them or against To make them green, chop and boil fome green them, so the smaller net may pass through the greater wheat in water, and rub your nets therewith, letting meshes, and so straiten and entangle the fowl. them lie in it twenty-four hours.
These nets are to be pitched for every evening flight The yellow colour is done by steeping the net in the of fowl, before fun-fet, Ataking them down on each juice of celandine, and then drying it in the shade, for it side of a river, about half a foot within the water, the must not be over bright, but of the colour of stubble in lower side of the net being so plumbed, that it may harvest time, for which season it is proper.
link so far and no farther : place the upper part of the For preserving them, cate must be had to keep them net flant-wife, shoaling againit the water, yet not touchdry, for which end hang them abroad in the sun, when- ing the water by near two feet, and let the frings ever you have used them in the dew or rain ; and fee which support this upper side of the net, be fastened io the least rent or breach be mended upon the first disco- small yielding sticks, pricked in the bank, which, as very'; hang them at a distance from the wall, left they the fowl ftrikes, may give liberty to ibe net to run and be injured by rats and mice.
entangle them. The readicst way of taking great fowl with nets, is Thus place several of these nets over different the making of the nets, which must be of the best pack- parts of the river, about twelve score fathom one thread, with great and large meshes, at least two inches from another, or as the river or brook will allow; from point to point; for the larger the meshes are, [so and you may depend upon it, that if any fowl come.
on
Page 15
happen, then that dog that leaps tlie ditch first, wins the and disgust the stomachs of horses; and that generally match.
infusions in boiling water, are to be preferred to decoc. PAINS IN Horses is a difemper, a kind of ulcer- tions. ous scab, full of a fretting mattery water, breeding in PANNAGE, 1 the man of the woods, as of beech, the paiterns, between the fetlock and the heel; which PAWNAGE, ] acorns, &c. which swine or other comes for want of clean keeping and good rubbing, cattle feed on; or the money taken for feeding hogs with after the horses are come off a journey, by means of the mast of the king's forelt. which, sand and dirt remaining in the hair, frets the skin PANTAS IN CATTLE; this diseafe proceeds from and fleln, which turns to a scab; and therefore those eating foul grass, or dry harsh grals in summer, horses that have long hair, and are rough about the which does not go forth of their maw, but makech feet, are more subject to this disease, if they be not kept them go with a short grunt, and go but a little way, clean.
and stand as if they were not able to go half a mile. To The signs are these, his legs swell with the vehement cure it, heat that is caused from the venom and filthy water which Take a quart of half churned milk with the butter issues from the scabs, for it is so sharp and scalding that in it, and take a good garlic head, or iwo little ones, it will scald off the hair, and breed scabs as far as it and peel them as if they were to eat, fo bruise them; goes. That which cures the scratches will serve to heal then take a pennyworth of the finest car that you can get, these.
and a good handful of the finest feathers that can be got PALATE. The upper part or roof of the mouth. without ftumps, for fear of sticking in the beast's throat;
In a horse, the palate should be lean, for if it be fat, beat all these together, and, if they chance to go in lumps, i. e. full and high, so as to be almost equal with the ex- put them together and beat in a little fuot; and fo give it fremities of his upper teeth, the least height in the li- to the beasts, and they will be well in twenty-four berty of a bitt will be troublesome, and make him either hours. chack in the bridle and be always throwing up his head,
PANTONS, OR PANTABEL-Shoes, are a fort of or otherwise carry it too low, which, besides the unfight- horse-lhoes that serve for narrow and low heels, and to liness, will much annoy the rider's hand.
hinder the fole from growing tow much downwards, lo Horses are commonly bled in the palate with a that the foot may take a better shape; they also help hoofsharp-pointed horn, to refresh and give them an appe- binding, and are good for Fianders mares before their tite.
feet PALSY IN Horses, a disease that sometimes de- When a horse is thod with a panton, it must follow prives the whole body of sense, and then it is called the the compass of the foot, and the branches must not be general pally, is incurable; but when the use of straight : care must also be taken to keep the sole strong, lome part only is taken away [which most commonly without taking any thing almost from it, otherwise the happens in the neck] it is then called a particular horse will halt. pally
PARE, to pare a horse's foot, is to cut the horn and The figns by which this diftemper is known, are, the sole of the foot, with a buttrice, in order to shoe that the horse will go grovelling and side-ways like a him. crab, carrying his neck as if it were broke, and will set PARKS AND WARRENS, are places where deers, forward crookedly, with his legs, and beat his head hares, conies, &c. are enclosed with pales, or a wall, against the wall.
so as it were a store-house, to be always ready to The disease proceeds from foul feeding. in fenny furnish you with those arimals either for use or pleagrounds, which breed grofs and tough humours, and be sure. ing joined by crudities and ill digeftion, affects the brain; The first Roman that inclosed wild beasts was Ful. or it may have been caused by some wound or blow upon vius HARPINUS. VARRO, who lived 28 years before the temples.
Christ, had the first hare warren. The first park in In order to a cure, bleed him in the neck-vein and England was at Woodstock in Oxfordshire, and was made temple-vein, on the contrary fide to the way he turns about the year 1124. his neck; then anoint his back all over with pe. A park Thould have three forts of land in it, viz. troleum, or oil of petre, and swathe his neck with mountainous and barren, liilly and yet fertile, plain a wet hay-rope, even from his breast to his ears. and fruitful; the mountainous part should be well.
Then give him for three mornings together a pint of covered with high woods, at least a third part old muscadine, with a spoonful of the powder of opo- thereof; the downs and hills, mould have onepanax, staran, gentian, manna, succory, myrrh, and long third part coppices and low woods; and the plains pepper; but put not so much of the lait ingredients as at least one-third part meadows with some arable for of the rest.
corn. This disease may be relieved by bleeding, rowels, in- A park should not want a river to run through some fusions of the herbs, with mustard, horle radish, and part of it ; alfo it ought to live a small brook or spring, parsley, acidulated with cremor tartar, and sweetened but if nature denies these conveniencies, art mult supwith honey. Brisk purge of aloes and jalap, or a mer- ply it by ponds, made to receive and preserve rain curial purge of cinnabar balls. It should be remem-ihat falls ; and such ponds will be very profitable bered always to acidulate the cooling herb drinks with for fish and lowl, in some of which may be made a de. cremor tartar or lemon juice, as otherwise they pall | coy.
U
You
Page 16
12. The shoulder; is that part which extends from They bleed in the tail or dock, with a long lancet, the withers to the top joint of the thigh.
for a fever and purfiness. 13. The thigh; reaches from the bent of the thigh PARTRIDGES, being naturally a cowardly, fearto the knee.
ful, fimple bird, are easily deceived or beguiled with 14. The farther leg before ; is the right leg before. any device whatever, by train-bait, engine, call, ftalo. &c.
15. The next, or nearer leg before; is the left leg of I shall in the first place begin to consider their haunts, the rising side before, or the rising side.
which are not certain, but various; any covert will
serve their turn, and sometimes none at all, As to the Feet.
The places they delight in moft are corn-fields,
especially whilst the corn grows, for under that cover 1. The hoof, or horn.
they shelter and breed; neither are those places unfre2. The coffin; is the hollow of the hoof in which quented by them when the corn is down, by reason of the foot is fixed, the foot fallen off.
the grain they find there, the height of which they delight 3. The frush; is the tender part of the hoof next the in, being to them as a covert or shelter. When the heel.
wheat stubble is much untrodden; and they will, in the 4. The role of the foot.
furrows, amongst the clots, brambles, and long grass, 5. The frog of the feet; which some call the ball of hide both themselves and coveys, which are sometimes the foot.
twenty in number, nay, thirty in a covey. 6. The rift of the hoof; is that part that is pared or When the winter-season is arrived, and these stubble cut off, it being too long grown; the space between the fields are ploughed up, or over-soilded with cattle, frush and the heel.
partridges resort into the upland meadows, and 7. The heel ; is the rising in the middle of the sole ; lodge in the dead grass, or fog under hedges amongst the narrow heel.
mole hills, or under the roots of trees; sometimes they 8. The toes; are the fore-parts of the hoofs, the resort to coppices and under-woods, especially if any quarters, the insides of the hoofs.
corn-fields are adjacent, or where grows broom, brakes, 9. The pastern, or feet; is that part under the fet- fern, &c. lock, to the hoof.
In the harvest-time, when every field is full of men
and cattle, in the day time, you will find them in the Parts of a Horse's Body proper to bleed in.
fallow-fields which are next adjoining to the corn
fields, where they lie lurking till evening or morning, It is usual to bleed horses in the jugular veins, which and then they feed among the sheaves of corn. lie on each side of the neck, for the farcy, mange, re
re- When you know their haunts, according to the fitupletion, and several other distempers; and also by way ation of the country and season of the year, your next of repetition twice a year, to all'horses that feed well care must be to find them out in their haunts, which is and labour but little.
done several ways. Some do it by the eye only; and Blood is usually taken from the temples, with a small this art can never be taught, but learned by frequent lancet, for bites or blows on the eyes.
experience, distinguishing thereby the colour of the Farriers have a lancet made on purpose for opening partridge from that of the earth, and how, and in what of veins beneath the tongue, for head-aches, or for be- manner they lodge and couch together; by which ing disgusted or over-heated by excessive labour, or for means you may come near enough to them, they being cholics, and the vives.
a very lazy bird, and so unwilling to take the wing, that It is usual to bleed horses in the gristle of the nose, you may almoft set your foot upon them before they without any regard whether they hit the vein or not, will stir, provided you do not stand and gaze on them, and this is also for cholics, vives, and being much but be in continual motion, otherwise they will spring over-heated.
up and be gone. Horses are let blood in the middle of the palate, Another way to discover them, is by going to their above the fourth bar, with a lancet or sharp horn, when haunts very early in the morning, or at the close of the they have been disgusted, harassed, or over-heated and evening, which is called the jucking-time, and there dui.
listen for the calling of the cock-partridge, which is Blood is taken from the basilick, or thigh veins of very loud and earneit, and after some few calls the hen horses, for strains in the shoulders, or the mange in will answer, and by this means they meet together,
which you may know by their rejoicing and chattering Horfes blooded in the pasterns, with a fleam or a one with another ; upon hearing of which take your lancet, for strains or infirmities in the hams or knees. range about them, drawing nearer and nearer to the
They are let blood in the toes, with a buttrice, or place where you heard them juck in ; casting your eye drawing iron, for beating in the feet, and infirunities in towards the furrows of the lands, and there you will the legs, such as swellings and oppreslions of the foon find where the covey lies.
The best, surest, and easiest way for finding of
parThe flank veins are sometimes opened with a small tridges, is by the call, having first learned the true lancet made for that purpose, for the farcy,
and natural notes of the partridge, knowing how to tune Blood is drawn with Heams in the fat of the thighs, every note in its proper key, applying them to their due for blows and Itrains in the haunches.
times and seasons.
Being
Page 17
armed with wire, so that if a pike should come, you would not constitute a horse thorough-bred; it might may be provided for 'him; and by this means several serve for a hunter. have been taken. Some carry a tin pot, or vessel of It is yet easy to conceive how liable the pedigree of about two quarts or three pints, in which they keep a horse must be both to error and imposition, and that, their minnows or gudgeons alive; the lid of the pot is the best proof of true blood must ever consist in perfull of little holes, to that you may give them fresh formance. Various accidental bastard crosses have ocwater without opening it, which should be about every curred in our racing breed, at different periods, chiefly quarter of an hour, leit they die.
distant ones; and they are frequently easy enough disIf you take a small casting-net with you, you may tinguishable in the figure of the stock, by a critical at a cast or two take baits enough to serve the whole eye. day, without further trouble.
PELT. The skin of the beast. When you fish with a frog, you must faften the hook PERAMBULATION OF A FOREST, is the survey. through the skin of his leg, towards the upper part ing or walking about the forest by justices, or other offithereof.
cers thereto appointed, in order to set down the limits The pearch is none of the leather-mouthed fort of or bounds of it. fishes, and therefore when he bites give him time PESATE, PESADE, or Posade, is when a horse enough to pouch his bait, left when you think all sure in lifting or raising his fore-quarters, keeps his hind he breaks hold, and fo you lose your filh.
legs upon the ground without stirring, so that he marks The best place to fish for him is in the turning of the no time with his haunches till his fore-legs reach the water, or eddy, in a good gravel scour, where you will ground. not fail of them, and ruffs.
This motion is the means to fix his head and his If you would take a pearch, you must take notice, haunches, to make him ply and bend his fore-thighs, that this fish feeds well and bites freely. Bait the and to hinder him from stamping and clattering with ground where you fish, over night, with lob-worms his feet. chopt in pieces; and in the morning when you come to PESTILENT CONSUMPTION, in horses, is a dif. the place, first plumb the depth, then gage your line, temper which happens to a mare, when the is near her and bait your hook with a red knotted worm, or a min foaling time, by reason of a phlegmatic humour that connow, which is reckoned the best; put the hook in at the tracts about the matrix, occasioned by gross feeding; back of the minnow betwixt the fish and the skin, that and is known by her dulness, pining, and desire to be the minnow may swim up and down alive, being buoy- / laid, and the like. Remedy: ed up with a cork or quill, that the minnow may have Take a pint of aqua vitæ, half an ounce of tobacco, liberty to swim a foot off the ground.
and a sprig or two of spurge-laurel; boil them together; These directions being carefully followed, the angler and then, Itraining out the liquid part, give it her fastneed not fear his desired success.
ing, and it will oblige her to cast out the mass of PEARL ; called alfo pin, and web, or any unnatu- phlegm, or at least the cause that disturbs her : but, by ral fpot or thick film over a horse's eye; proceeds from reason the will be somewhat fickish when she has call, fome stroke or blow received, or from the fire or give her half a pint of sallad oil, and the like quantity of dam,
canary, and keep her in a warm stable, with malhes and The pearl is known by a little round thick white good dry meat, a day or two. spot, like a pearl, [from which it took its name] grow
PHEASANT, a bird about the bigness of a cock, ing on the fight of the eye.
having a crooked bill and feathers of various culours; As for the cure, it is the same as for BLOOD-SHOT- its Aesh is delicious, and much coveted. TEN Eyes, which see.
aright of this bird for eating, a cock, if young, has a PEARL, [with Hunters] is that part of a deer's horn short spur; if old, a sharp small spur; see that it be which is about the bur.
not cut or pared; it fat, it has a vein on the side of the PEDIGREE OF A Horse. A true racing pedigree, breast under the wing; if new, a fat firni vent; if you aecording to the rule of the present time, ought to prove touch it hard with your finger
, it will peel; then if under the hand of the breeder, that the horse has de- young it has a smooth leg, and a fine smooth grain on fcended from ancestors of genuine racing blood, with the Hesb; if old, it has a rugged wrinkled grain on the out the intervention of a lingle bastard cross. If the Aesh, and full of hairs like an old yard hen; if she be pedigree be long, it is common to take it for granted full of eggs, she will have a fast and open vent; if not that there is blood fufficient, although there be no mare full, a close vent. mentioned in it, which has proved her blood by her PHEASANT-TAKING; a rural diversion, perhaving actually raced; but usually all the horses are formed with nets in their crowing time, which is about reputed runners or brothers of such. The greater num- the end of February, and in March, before they begin ber of mares which have raced, contained in a pedi- to breed: it is done either generally or particularly ; gree, the surer and more valuable, no doubt, it must the first is, when the whole eye, viz. the old cock and be, particularly if the last-mentioneu be specified as a hen, with all their young ones, or powts, as they flock reputed racer, or a natural Arabian or Barb. A pedi- or run together in thick woods or coppices, are taken ; gree of one single defcent is held fufficient, wheil the or particularly, when none but the old, and such of the fire and dam are named as reputed anå tried runners ; young as are of age fit for coupling, are taken ; so that otherwise a short pedigree of three or four descents, you cannot have any allurance with your nets to Atrike
Page 18
greater is the value set upon the bird. The more fala- | make, and pluinage, this bird is so very like the turcious it is, the more it will trumpet; it derives its bit, the beak excepted, as to render any further de. name from its imitating the sound of a trumpet after scription needless. playing, which it always does in the spring of the The Capuchin.--A pigeon which has its name from an year.
order of bareheaded monasticks; it has a longer beak This bird and the ensuing species of pigeons, are by than the jack, and is somewhat larger in its body; it the fancy denominated toys.
has no chain, but a very pretty hood, and is in plumThe Spot.-It has its name from a spot above its beak, age and other properties the same as the jack. Some upon the top of its head: the tail-feathers are for the fanciers positively affirm it to be a distinct fpecies; molt
part of the fame colour with the spot, but the bo- others again as confidently affirm it to be a bastard-breed, dy is generally all white.
between a jacobine and fome other pigeon; however it The Laugher.—This bird in shape and make very is beyond a doubt, that a jack and another pigeon will much resembles a middle fized runt; its plumage is ge. breed a bird fo exactly similar to it, as will greatly emnerally red-motiled, but sometimes it is blue, and it barrais the fanciers of this first persuasion to dislinguish has a very bright clear pearl-eye, inclining to white. between it and what they term their separate species.
The Nun. Its head is almost covered with a veil of Though all the pigeons of the toy kind have their refeathers, which gives it the name of the nun. Its body spective admirers, the capuchin is but lightly esteemed is chiefly all white; its head, tail, and the fix flight-fea- by the fancy in general. thers of its wings, should be entirely red, yellow or The Finnikin.-In make, shape, and size, it differs black: that is, when its head is red its fight and tail should very little from the common runt; the crown of its be red also; and, when its head is yellow, its fight and head is formed very like the head of a snake; it has tail should be yellow; aud, when its head is black, its a gravel-eye, with a tuft of feathers growing on the flight and tail should also be of the same colour. back part of its crown, which falls down its neck,
The Hermil—Is sometimes larger than the nun; the hanging like a horse's mane; it has a clean leg and foot, head, tail, and fight-feathers of the wings, for the and its plumage is always blue or black pied. most part, preserve an uniformity of colour, either yel- The Turner --Is in so many respects like the finnilow, red, blue, or black; but all the rest of its body kin, that little more remains to be said about it, than is generally white; so that the most material difference to point out the difference between them; it is not bet ween it and the nun is, the former has no hood on snake-headed, and the tuft on the back part of the the back part of the head, and is frequently gravel. crown is wanting; and, when the wanton fic is on it, eyed.
and it plays to the female, it turns only one way, The Jacobine-Is usually called, for shortness, the whereas the finnikin turns both. jack; it has a range of inverted feathers on the back The Broad Tail Shaker. -- This pigeon, especially part of its head, which turns towards the neck, like when luftful, has a frequent tremulous motion, or the cap
or cowl of a monk, from whence this bird de- shaking in the neck; which, joined to the breadth of rives its name of jacobine, or capper, as some call it; its tail when spread, gives the bird the name of the the religious of that order wearing cowls or caps, joined broad-tail shaker. to their garments, for the covering their heads.
It has a beautiful long taper neck, which it erects in The Ruff.--The ruff has a longer beak, and larger a serpentine form, rather leaning towards its back, head; it is also rather a larger pigeon than the last; the fomewhat like that of the swan. Its beak is very short; irides of its eyes are in some of a gravel, in others of a it is exceedingly full breasted, and has a tail that is pearl, colour; the chain does not now so near to the composed of a great number of feathers, very seldom Thoulders of its wings, though both the hood and chain less than four and twenty, but never exceeds lix and are longer, but are nothing near so compact as the thirty, which it spreads in a very striking manner, like others, and are easily disturbed with every puff of the tail of a turkey-cock, and raises it up to such a dewind; they likewise fall more backward off the head, in gree, that the tail appears joined to the head. a rumpled discomposed form, and from this the pigeon The Narrow Tail Shaker. It is a baltard Itrain bereceives its name.
tween the broad tail shaker and some other pigeon; it The Turbit.-It is a small pigeon, very little bigger has a longer back and shorter neck than that of the lastthan a jacobine: it has a round button head, and the mentioned bird: it has also a less number of feathers in shorter the beak is, the better; it has a tuft of feathers its tail, which it does not spread like the other, but growing from the breast, which opens and spreads both lets them fall, as it were, double, the one fide folding ways, sprouting out like the chitterlin of a thirt; this is over the other, in the nature of a fan when three parts called the purle; it has also a gullet which reaches from opened, and is apt to let it droop very much. the back to the purle; this bird is admired according to The Barb.—This bird is rather larger than the jacothe largeness of its purle.
bine; it has a short thick beak, like a bull-finch, enThe Owl-Is rather less than a jacobine,, with a gra. cruited with a small wattle, and a naked circle of a vel-eye, and a very short hooked beak, much resem. thick spongy red skin round its eyes, like that of the bling that of an owl, and from this the bird derives its carrier; when the feathers of the pinion are inclinable
The purle in this bird is rather larger, and to a dark colour, the irides are red, as is observable in opens and expands itself more like a rose than that of some others of the pigeon tribe. the turbit's; but in every other respect, both in shape, The Mahomet-Differs from the barb in nothing but
the
Page 19
haunt; which done, wind your line on a forked stick, To take Pigers, Ruoks, and Crow's, upon new pixed or big enough to keep the bait from drawing it under wafoun Grounds.
ter, all, except half a yard, or a little more ; and
fick must have a finall cleft at the end, into which Take a good number of small twigs, of strong wheat- faften your line, but so that when the pike comes, he en firaw, of a good length, bird-lime them well, lay may easily draw it forth, and have line enough to go to them on the ground where pigeous, &c. frequent, an't his hold, aud pouch the bait. they will soon be entangled with them; and in or ler to But if the bait be a frog, put the arming wire in at allure to your twigs or Araws, you may tie two or his mouth, and out at his gilis
, then with a fine needle three pigeons to il:e ground, among the twigs. and blk sew the upper pait of his leg, wiili one stitch
Cut fome sheets of thick brown paper, cach into only, to your arming wire, or tie lis leg gently, above about eight parts, making them up in the Shape of a sugar the upper joint, to the wire. loaf, and lime the inside of them three or four days be There is a way of trolling for pike, with a winch to fore you intend to use them; put into each paper, near wind it up; this tih being very itrong, your red muft the bottom, three or four grains of corn, and lay these not be too fiender at top, where thould be placed a ring papers up and down the ground, as much as you can for your line to run through, which line is to te of under clods of earth, early in the morning, before the lilk, two yards and a quarter next the hook, it must be pigeons, &c. come feed. The more papers you lzy, double, and frongly armed with wire about seven the greater you may expect your sport.' When the inches : faften fome smooth lead upon the fhank of the pigeons come to feed they will see the corn, and by hook, and having placed it in the mouth of your filhthrusting in their heads to reach it, will get huod- bait, with your lead fink it with his head downwards, winked by the paper sticking to their heads, which will to move your buit up and down, and if you feel the . occasion them to take wing, and fly bolt uprigạt till tith at the hook, give him length enough to run away they have spent themselves, when they will come tum- with the bait and pouch it, then strike him with a bling down, and may be easily taken.
smart jerk. Observe in trolling, to put your arming, PIKE. A very long-lived fish, according to Lord wire in at the mouth of the gudgeon, the best bait] BACON and Gesner, who say he outlives all other and thrusting it along by the back, bring it out again by fish, which is a pity, as he is an absolute tyrant of the the tail, and there falten it with a thread, having your
The largest are the coarser food, and the reel in your hand, and your line fixed to your hook smallest are always accounted best: this fih never through a ring at the top of your rod; then move your fwims in shoals, but rests by himself alone, being na- bait up and down in fome likely place in the water, as turally very bold and daring, and will seize almost up- you walk gently by the river-fide. When you feel on any thing, even devour his own kind: he breeds him bite, be sure to give him line enough, and not to but once a year, and spawns in February or March. ftrike him too quick or fiercely, lett you endlanger your The best fort is found in rivers, the worst in meres and tackle, and lofe your filh: if you fish at snap, give him ponds. His common food is either pickerel-wecds or leave to run a livile, and then strike the contrary way frogs, or what fith he can get.
to which he runs: but for this method of angling a The pike is oblerved to be a folitary, melancholy, spring-hook is beft, and your tackle must be much and a bold fish ; melanchcly, because he always swims more strong than for the troll. or rests himself alone, and never swims in ihoals or with If you fith with a dead bait for a pike, take mincompany, as roach and dace, and most other filh do ; rows, yellow frogs, dace, or roach, and having difand bold, because he fears not a thaduw, or to see, or folved guin of jey in oil of spike, ancint your bait to be feen of any bedy, as the trout and chuh, and all therewith, cafting it where pikes frequent; after it has other fith do.
lain a little while at the bottom, draw it to the top, And it is observed by Gesner, that the jaw-bones, and so up the stream, and you will quickly perceive a and hearts and gails of pikes, are very medicinable for pike very cagerly following it. They bite beit about feveral diseases, or io ilop blood, to abate tevers, to three in the afternoon, in clear water, with a gentle eure aques, to oppose or expel the infection of the gale, in the middle of summer to the latter end of auplague, and to be many ways inedicinable and useful tuinn, and in winter, all day long; and in the latter for the good of mankind; but hc, oblerves, that the end and beginning of the fpring, he bites moft eagerly biting of a pike is venuinous and haid to be cured. early in the morning, and late in the evening. Sie
PIKE-FISHING. There are two ways to take the HUXING, ANGLING, &c. pike, by the ledger and the walking-bait. The PILLAR. Moft great manages have pillars fixed ledger-bait is fixed in one certain place, and may in the middle of the manage-ground, to point out the continue while the angler iş abient; this must be center; but all manages in general have, upon the fide a live bait, of fish or frog ; of fish, the best is a dace, or circumference, other pillars placed two and two, at roach, or perch; of frogs, the yellowist is the best. certain distances, from whence they are called the two In using the ledger-bait, if it be a filh, flick your pillars, to distinguish them from that of the center. hooks through his upper lip, and then fastening it to a PINCHING, [in Horsemanship] is when a horse, strong line, at least twelve or fourteen yards long, tie landing still, the rider keeps him tast with the bridlethe other end of the line, either to foine ftake in the hand, and applies the fpuis just to the hair of his ground, or to the bough of a tree near the pike's usual lides.
Page 20
PIP. A difemper incideñi to hawks; it proceeds | sticks, longer than each other by degrees, and about from coid anú moiitness in the head, or by feeding on the bigness of one's finger, which you most compile gross meats in the summer-time, that have not been one over another, the longest first, and the thortest lait, washed well in cold water.
up to the height of the croiling of the two rods, so that For the cure: give the bawk with her casting at the whole will resemble a kind of bee hive ; but you night, a scouring pill of agaric, or hiera picra, for two must remember to leave a hole at the top, to be covered or three days together, and wash her tongue with rose or uncovered with some ftone, or the like, to take out water, and anoint it for three or four days with oil of the birds when they are in the pit-fall. sweet almonds; and when the pip is thoroughly ripe, i,l. You must at least bind the end of your sticks to the when it is white and soft, take it off with a sharp awl two rods with osiers, strong packthread, or small cord, or bodkin, and afterwards anoint the wound with oil of , and this is all that belongs to the pit-fall, but for the sweet almonds.
erecting or piling it up, do thus: take a sick of about If the hawk has the pip in her foot, then cast her, three feet lons, and about the bigness of one's little finand cut out the core or corn in the ball of it, and apply ger, which muit be smoothed above and below, then tie a plailter of galbanum, white pitcii, and Venice turpen- the end I, No. 2, with a little cord, to the middle of tine, spread on foft leather, and tied on so fast that it the foundation-fick A, B, the other end of the stick may not come off, but yet not so straight as to hurt F, G, must have a small notch in it about two inches her; then let her stand on a perch foft lined, keep her from the end; then provide another fick I, K, about warm, and dress her three or four times a week till the a foot and a half long, with a small cord fixed at the is well.
upper end thereof, where you may place another little PISMIRES, in house or garden, &c. to destroy : Itick H, half a foot long, having the end G shaped like Take the four of brimstone, half a pound; falt of tar- the sharp end of a wedge; the lower end of the stick K tar, four ounces ; let them in an iron or earthen pan must be fixed in the ground, which being done, the foreover a fire, till they become red-hot; cool them in fair part of the pit-fall D, C, will come to be lifted up, and water, afterwards dry and beat them to a fine powder, then place the end H of the little stick under the cage and infuse a little of this powder in water; and, to support it, and the other end, shaped like a wedge, wherever you sprinkle it, the pismire will die, or fly into the notch of the stick F, G; then let the pit-falí the place.
rest gently on it, and it will be ready set, with one side PİSSING OF BLOOD, [in Horses] may proceed from lifted up about a foot high, and the stick F, G, will be divers causes, sometimes by being ridden over-hard, about three inches from the ground; then strew your or laboured beyond his strength, and by carrying too bait under the cage. heavy burdens on his body ; at other times it may be The same pit-fall will serve to take small birds, hares, by some vein broken in his body, on which blood will rabbits, or vermin. frequently issue out of his body; or it may proceed When you have found out that partridges frequent from some stone fretting upon his kidnies, and from either vineyards, woods, or some other place, you several other causes.
muft, before you spread your net, pitch !pon a proper For the cure : take knot-grafs, shepherd's-purse, stand for yourself, either near a hedge, a knot of ofiers, bloodwort of the hedge, polypody of the wall, com or some bushes, so that your pit-fall may not be openly frey, anl garden bloodwort, of each an handful, shred feen, and frighten the partridges: when the place is them smali, and boil them in a quart of beer, to which fixed, take five or fix handfuls of barley or oats, parchadd a little lalt-leaven and foot, and give the horse. ed in a frying pan, or else fome wheat, itrew fome
PISTE, is the tread or tract, that a horse makes upon grain here and there, and make a pretty long train, so as the ground he goes over.
to lead the partridges to the heap, and when you know PIT-FALL. A chcap device, with which you may by their dung that they are come thither,' then lay take a whole covey of partridges, as well as single your pit-fall at the place where they have dunged, coones, or indeed any other birds; there are pit-falls vering it with foine leaved branches, or broom, or above, and under ground: the machine represented by leaved vine branches, if the season allows it, and lay the cut, is a sort of cage, and made as in Plate IX. down feven or eight handfuls
down seven or eight handfuls of corn under it, with a No. I.
long train; the partridges having beer regaled there, This device is composed of four sticks, or pieces of before, will not fail foon to get under the cage to eat, wood. A, B, A, D, D, C, C, B, each about three and being gr«erly will jump upon one another, so that feet long, and bored through within two inches of the coming to touch the little flick F, G, which keeps the end, with a hole big enough to turn one's little finger machine extended, it will by that means fall upon in it; they must be placed on cach other, in a square them. When the covey is large, fome often happen on the ground, and let into each other about half the to be without the reach of the pit-fall, but he that is thickness of the stick, that they may hold together, in dexterous at this sport will know how to càtch them · fuch a manner as to make four angles; then take two another time. tough hazle rods, cach four or five feet long, which The two figures, No. 1 and 2, describe the pit-fall must be fixed in the fore-mentioned holes, crolling them two ways; the first shews how it is extended' front, over cach other, that their other ends may be fixed in ways, and the other side-ways, and they are marked their opposite angles, as the corner sticks in cages used with the same letters ; the letter E thews you, that to be laid; then you must have fome light straight when the pit-fall is light, and the covey large, that
you
Page 21
the two sticks marked 2, and drawn in the figures before, reprelents a simple plat-form for a west wind. See Plate
representing the utensils; place the small end at the XI. Fig. 7. bottom of the border 1, and the bigger at number 8, Place the main stick in the gutters, and take your net not directly straight, but bending at least two feet in. on your left shoulder, or arm, and go towards the lodge, wards, as you may see by the pricked line traversing which is about fifteen or fixteen fathoms from the piat- from the hind cypher 1, tó 7, which is straight, and not form, and there place the buckle which is at the end of the line 8 0; being thus laid, hold it fast with one thé cord of your net, and fo go backwards towards your hand, and with one? Jer of the other, or with the han- plat-form, letting the cord trail all along; and being at dle of your knife, tr out the form of its position, that the stake, or strong peg S, falten thereto the cord of the it may rest imprinter i ? the earth; then with your great pully T, so that the pully may be in a direct line with knife marked 7, in the preceding figure, cut along your the two palets or pieces of wood 00; then when you trace or border of your faid stick, and with your hatchet come to ihe form, let your net itlest fall by degrees, and marked 6, cut out the earth between the two traces still retire backwards ; when you are at the peg behind, or lines, a 1, 80, beginning at the !, and ending with 8, which is at R, strain the cord until it be right and in such a manner, that at the end 1, the earch may be Atraight and then fix it to the faid peg, that it may not taken out but one inch over, and at the end 8, four or lip back. five inches large, that your stick may be hid as it were in It will not be amiss to describe to you the manner of a gutter:
the knot, with which you thould fasten your cords upon This being done, carry the other stick, the longer of this occasion; fuppose that the peg 7 be the piece to the two, unto the other end of your long border, and which you have a mind to fasten your cord 2, 4, take it plant it in the self-fan. hion at 3, 9, that it may be, in one of your hands at 1, and bring over the thread 2- as it were, in a gutter, se the other; then take your in order to form the buckle or' knot 5, which pass over stick marked 3, which drive into the ground at the end the peg 7: then make another bow or buckle, at 6, of your two gutters, at 8 and 9, to hinder the two main wherein the thread 4 is pailed under, and so clap over sticks from beating into the ground, with the force of your peg upon the top of the other bow; then train the the net; drive allo cur two sticks into the ground, two ends 2 and 4, and your knot will be complete, and will about half a foot fron your border, at j add 3, a little sooner break than get louse : you must be very exact and inclining inwards; the intention being to prevent your ready at it. · main sticks from returning back when the net is strait-|. When the ends of the cords of the net are thos fast- ened, until the cord be pulled; besides, should you ened, lift up your main stick P, Q, and place the great place them outwards upon the lines 9, 6, and 8, 2, end in the gutter Q, and drawing the cord of your net it would be impossible to make your net play, for towards the border, force it into the notch in the small then, the more you strained the cord, the closer end of your main stick, and let somebody hold it there; would your main sticks come under the other sticks. but in case you have no help, lodge it in the gutter un-
The next thing is to remove all the loose earth, ex- der the peg P, and drive the sharp end of the billiard cept a handful or two, which lay on the two ends 5 and 7, into the ground to stay there, till you go to the other the better to raise the other ends of the main sticks; and main stick N, O, and there fix your cord in tħe notch at then your plat-form is ready prepared.
the end M; it must be so straightened, that a great deal Now if you make two other gutters, as 2, 8, 4, 9, on of strength may be used to get it into the notch: athen the other side of the border, opposite to the two firit, then place your main fick in the gutter under the peg N, reyour platform will serve for two contrary winds, viz. move your billiard from your main stick V, 0, and force north and south.
your net into the plat-form, so that it be hid under the It remains, you should fix the stakes in the necessary cord. places; the first that is behind, marked 14, which must The next thing is to direct you in the placing your be pitched seven or eight paces distant from the end of call-plovers and artificial lap-wings, which must be difthe border 3; 4, and on one side about half a foot off; posed as you see in the cyphers o o o: in case the wind the second is a strong peg marked 13, which ought to be be not directly eaft, but inclined a little to the south, then driven into the ground fix or seven paces from the end of your first pelt, or counterfeit bird, which is only the skin the border 1, 2; and as the other thould be on one side of a bird ituffed with chaff, or the like fluff, marked 2, about half a foot from the palet 9, so should this from Qall be placed half a foot from the border, and about that at 8, and the last H, must be thrust into the earth eight or nine feet from the end V; the rest you may behind the lodge, about a fathom off, more or less, over range in such order as they are designed by the figure, against the two palets 8, 9; but if it be a north-eas at about two or three feet diítance from each other : wind, you must pull up these ftakes, and turn them to whereas, in case the wind be north-east, place your birds the other side of the plat-form, placing them at the same a good deal further from the end V, that is to say, about distances as before mentioned ; and that at H must also fix feet further, becaule wild fowl always fly against the be carried to G, and the lodge E to F, and all will be wind; and then, as they usually pass over the stales or right.
artificial birds that are between them and the hinder If you intend to take any plovers, be on the place [take R, it may fo fall out, that they may pass under where your plat-form is ready made, with all your im- the cord, for that will be shorter by a third part when plements, early in the morning. The following cut it is let loose, and by half a part when the wind is
strong
Page 22
The diet must be cooling, relaxing, and solutive, malhes. This disorder sometimes terminates with an and the treatment in general the same as in the first five abscess on the shoulder, or on the inside of the foresections under the article Fevers, only after each dore legs. of the faline powder, or with it, as your discretion may
POCKET-HAYES. Are certain short' nets to take lead, have a pint of pectoral drink given him; and if pheasants alive, without hurting them; whose haunts the cough is troublesome, a hornful of the same may be being found out, place yourself for the better view, on given every two hours, besides what is given with the fome tree, without noile; and when you find they are powder.
there, strew a little barley, oats, or wheat, for a train,
and in some likely place lay five or fix handfuls toPectoral Drink.
gether, to which they will come, as being drawn thi.
ther by the train. Boil four ounces of French barley in three quarts of Then plant the pocket-net described under the Aswater, until the barley is soft, then add thereto of sliced ticles, CALLS, Natural and Artificial, Plate III. and figs and bruised raisins, each four ounces; liquorice so you may lay two or three of them in other places, root, bruised, one ounce; boil them a little while, fo and plant cross their walks. that two quarts of liquor may be strained off.
These pocket-hayes are about a yard long, and sixteen In obftinate cases that have not given way to the inches deep : you may also in other paths, place two or above treatment, a strong deco&tion of the rattle-snake three of your collars of horse-hair, in fit places, athwart root hath been fingularly useful: it powerfully alters their paths, to take them by the legs, and be sure to the inflammatory state of the blood ; in diseases of the watch very narrowly: the first that is taken will strugbreast and lungs, it promotes expectoration; it pro-gle very hard to get off, and will also make a great cry, motes both perlpiration and urine; and it loosens the which may occalion the frightening away of the rest belly.
that are near at hand, so that nimbleness is requisite;
besides, if they be taken by the strings, they hazard the Decoction of Rattle-snake Rost.
breaking the lines and their own legs.
POGE. A cold in a horse's head. Take rattle-snake root, four ounces, boil it in fix POINSON, is a little point, or piece of sharppints of water to four; then pour off the liquor, and pointed iron, fixed in a wooden handle, which the cagive it all in twenty-four hours.
valier holds in his right-hand, when he means to prick To the emolient clyster, two ounces of nitre [or of a leaping-horse in the croup, or beyond the end of the Glauber's falt, if the horse is very costive] may be faddle, in order to make him yerk out behind. added in these inflammatory complaints.
POINTS, or toes of a bow of a saddle. See Bows. If, by the above, he begins to run at the nose, you POINT. A horse is said to make a point, when in may expect a recovery very soon: and as the heat and working upon volts he does not observe the ground resigns of pain decrease, the medicines may be given gularly, but putting a little out of his ordinary ground, more sparingly; and when he begins to eat, the cool- makes a fort of angle, or point, by his circular tread. ing medicines may be omitted, but continue the pecto- POINTERS. Their great utility and excellence in ral drink.
shooting partridges, moor, or heath-garne, which makes As foon as you can lead him out and exercise him, them worthy of our regard, are well known. . There is take care that his diet is opening, light, and nourish- so great a variety of pointers, of different make and ing: at least, for a fortnight after he begins to recover size, and some good of each kind, that it is no wonder he inay have three or four small feeds of oats, besides a men should differ in their opinions concerning them. math or two of bran, or of barley steeped in hot water The pointers most approved are not small, nor very until it is foft.
large ; but such as well made, light and strong, and There is also a false bastard pleurisy; it has been will naturally stand. A small pointer, though ever so called a chest founder. It confitts of an inflammation good in his kind, can be but of little service in huntof the muscles that are feated betwixt the ribs, and is ing, particularly through a strong piece of turnips, known by a stiffness of the body, shoulders, and fore. |broom, or heath, and the feet of a large heavy dog, legs, uncommon hearing of the flanks, a shrinking will soon be tired by his own weight. It is proper for when touched there; and sometimes a staring coat, and a young sportsman to procure a dog that is well broken, a dry, short cough. It should be remembered, that and to inquire the method and words he has been used when horses move with difficulty in their fore-parts, to by his former master, in breaking and hunting with from stiffness or from pain, they are generally faid to him ; otherwise the dog will have a new lesson to learn. be foundered in their bodies; but for the most part, But if a young sportlinan is desirous of breaking his the cause is in the hoofs, or in the feet. This should own dogs, the following is the method advised. be attended to carefully, and distinguished from the Having made choice of a whelp of a known good bastard pleurisy.
breed, begin when about three or four months old to In order to the cure, bleed, and rub the sides over teach him to couch at a piece of bread, causing him to the ribs, twice a day, with a mixture of two parts lie, whilst you walk round him at fome distance, and olive-oil, and one part volatile spirit of sal ammoniac: come nearer to him by degrees : when he has lain as give gentle purges at proper distances: and let the diet long as you think proper, reward him with the piece of be barley, boiled foti, or bran given either dry or in bread, and speak kindly to him.
. Teach him to fetch
and
Page 23
crumbs of wheat-bread, steeped in water, or barley- | into a mass, and give it them in the morning before they meal.
have any other meat, or else let them drink a decoction Keep them in a close place, and at rest, and pull the of apples or quinces. feathers from their heads, thighs, and rumps.
Hens, by saying too many eggs, sometimes exhaust hen be too fat, or has a looseness, she will lay windy their strength and languish : the lame likewife happens eggs.
by hens fitting too long; to remedy this, take the A hen will fit well from the second year of her lay. white of an egg, which you must roast till it looks ing to the fifth : the best time to set a hen, that the as if it was burnt; mix this with an equal quantity chickens may be large and most kindly, is in Fe- of dried raisins, also burnt, and give the hen this faft. bruary, in the increale of the moon, that she may ing: difclose the chickens in the increase of
the next
Your hen-house must be large and spacious, with a new moon, being in March; for one brood of this pretty high roof and strong walls, to keep out both month's chickens is worth three of chuse of any other thieves and vermin; let there be windows on the east month.
[:de, that they may enjoy the benefit of the rising fun, Hens may set from March to Etober, and have good Itrongly lathed and close shut; upwards, and round chickens, but not after that time, for the winter is a great about the inside of the wall upon the ground, should be enemy to their breeding.
made large pens of three feet high, for geese, ducks, and A hen fits just twenty-one days, and if you set a hen large fowls to fit in, and near unto the covering of the upon the eggs of ducks, geese, or turkies, you must set house should be long perches, reaching from one side of them nine days before you put her own eggs to her, of the house to the other, on which should fit cocks, hens, which a hen will cover nineteen ; but always set an capons, and turkics, each on such perches as they are odd egg, what number socver you set her with. disposed.
It will also be proper to mark one side of the eggs At another side of the house, at the darkest part of when you put them under the hen, and to observe whe- the ground pens, fix hampers full of ftraw for nests, in ther the turns them from the one side to the other, which hens Thould lay their eggs; but when they fit to and if she does not, then take an opportunity when hatch chickens, then let them fit on the ground, othershe is from them to turn them yourself. But a wise it will be dangerous. hen that dues not turn them herself is of the less Also let there be pins stuck in the walls, that the value.
poultry may climb to their perches with the greatest Take care that the eggs you set a hen on be new, ease. which may be known by their being heavy, full, and The floor must not be paved, but made of earth clear ; this may be discovered by looking through them smooth and easy. Let the smaller fowl have a hole in the sun; nor do you choose the largest, for they have made at one end of the house, to go in and come out at oftentimes two yolks, and though some are of opinion when they please, or else they will seek out roofts in other that such will produce two chickens, it proves com- places; but of larger fowl, you may open the door mornmonly a mistake, and if they do, they generally prove ing and evening. abortive and monstrous.
It would be better if the hen house was situated near A hen must not be taken off or disturbed from her fome kitchen, brewhouie, bakehouse, or kiln, where it neft, for that will make her utterly forsake it.
may have the heat of the fire, and be perfumed with While she is sitting you muit' place her meat and smoke, which is to pullets both delightful and wholewater near her, that her eggs may not cool while she is some. gone to seek her food. If she should be absent from As soon as your chickens are hatched, if any be her nest, itir up the straw, and make it soft and weaker than the rest, wrap them in wool, and let them handsome, and lay the eggs in the same order she left have the heat of the fire; it will also be very good to them.
perfume them with rosemary; the first hatched chickens It is very necessary to perfume her nest with rosemary may be kept in a fieve till the rest are disclosed, for or brimstone, and you must take care that the cock does they will not eat for two days; fome thells being not come at the eggs and fit upon them, for he will en harder than others, they will require so much more danger the breaking of them, and cause the hen not to time in opening; but unless the chickens are weak, like her nest so well as before.
or then unkind, it will not be amiss to let them When hens are laying, the old straw should be continue under her, for she will nourilh them kindly. taken away, and freih put in, that it may not breed When they are two days old, give them very small fleas, or other vermin, which much incommodes oatmeal, some dry, and some iteeped in milk, or else them.
crumbs of fine white bread ; and when they have gained The maladies incident to hens are as follow:
strength, curds, cheese parings, white bread, crusts foaked Setting hens are sometimes troubled with lice and ver- in beer or milk, barley-meal, or wheaten bread scalded, min: for the cure, pound burnt cummin and stapnisgar, or the like soft meat, that is small and will be easily diof each equal quantities, and mix it with wine, and rub gested. the hens with it, or waih thein with a decoction of wild It is necessary to kcep them in the house for a fort.
night, and not suffer thein to go abroad with the hen to If hens are troubled with a looseness, mix a handful worm. Green chives chopped among their mcat is of barley-meal and as much wax, in some wine; make it very good, and will preserve them from the rye or other
Page 24
to the air, they gradually precipitate into a powder, of rectified oil of amber, roll the ball in liquorice
cacy is loft: again, if instead of properly diffolving the Purge or Scouring, for a grofs and foul coach or cart, falts, as directed, they are carelessly thrown into the horse. Succotrine aloes, one ounce; jalap, one ounce; pail of water, to melt at leisure, [which nine grooms myrrh, finely powdered, half an ounce; cremor tartar, out of ten to save trouble would do they will, great one or two ounces; Castile soap, half an ounce; gin- part of them, remain undiffolved at the bottom of the ger, finely grated, two tca-spoons full; beft falad oil, pail, or again shoot into crystals from the coldness of one large spoon full ; make three balls for one dose, the water, and be thrown away. Not only falts, but with fyrup of buckthorn and liquorice powder, or aloes, jalap, rhubarb, and other drugs, ought to be four:
carefully preserved from exposure to the air. For very Mercurial Purge, for ditto. Add to the above, two
large, or very gross horses, the dose of salts must con- drachms of calomel, or, if the constitution and habit fequently be increased, and the quantity will be best should require it, half an ounce.regulated by the experienced operation. It is recom- Mild Mercurial Purge. Add two drachms of calomel
mended thai GLAUBER's falts be used, in preference to to the aloetic purge of Gibson.any Lymington, or other cheap substitute, to be had at Should a purge not operate at a proper time, either
the druggills. Very frequently, a single dose will put a from the badnels of the drugs, or cold taken, the horse hackney into excellent condition.
will hang down his head and refuse tood, appear swellA Cooling Purgative Drench, of quick operation. Take ed, heave in his flanks, and frequently throw up his tail the infusion of four ounces of creinor tartar, in one without ability to evacuate. In a flight case of this pint or more of boiling water, which has stood three kind, give the size of a pullet's egg of cordial ball, in hours or longer, and been frequently stirred ; Itrain it three pints of warm gruel, and repeat it at night and the fine, and mix therewith, or diffolve therein, upon the following morning; in the interim give falined water, fire, six ounces of Glauber's falts ; add from four blood warm, made as before directed, i. e. the solution drachms to one ounce of jalap, according to the itrength of four ounces of GLAUBER's falts, to a pail, or three required; a gill of strong peppermint; and a sufficient gallons, of foft water. Walking exercise, if fine quantity of warm gruel, or ale, well sweetened with weather, well clothed, the horse not being ridden. Or, honey, or treacle. Linitive electuary and fyrup of should the case be more serious, and the horse much buckthorn, may occasionally be joined.
swelled or griped, take bailam of Peru and capivi, of The Aloetic Purge, for a hack, hunter, or race-horse, each half an ounce, incorporate them with the yolk of a from LAWRENCE. The fine it fuccotrine aloes, well new laid egg; camphor, one drachm, dissolved in a powdered, from twelve to fourteen drachms; cremor small quantity of Hollands gin, or other spirit, juniper tartar, an ounce or two; ginger, freíh and finely grated, berries and anniseed, powdered, half an ounce each ; a tea-spoon full; fine salad oil, a table-spoon full; make unrectified oil of amber, two drachms ;, make a ball the mals with treacle, or syrup of buckthorn, and fifted with syrup of marshmallows, and roll in liquorice powoat flour, into two or three balls. This form you may der. Give plenty of warm gruel and water.
If the frequently vary and render more quick, by subduction additional aid of a clyster should be needed, use the of the quantity of aloes, and addition of jalap instead: following; thin water gruel three quarts, sweetened thus, aloes, twelve drachms; jalap, two drachms. Or, with fix ounces of coarse sugar, and well mixed with fix aloes, ten drachms; jalap, half an ounce.
ounces of sallad, or linseed oil : if easily to be procured, The dio tic Purge, from Gibson. Succotrine aloes, instead of water gruel, make use of a decoction of malten drachms; jalap and salt of tartar, of each two lows, pellitory, mercury, chamomile; or such as can be drachms; grated ginger, one drachm; chemical oil of obtained, each a large handful, with bay-berries, and annileeds, thirty drops ; syrup of buckthorn, enough to sweet fennel-seeds, each one ounce, in a gallon of water, form the ball, which roll in liquorice powder or flour. boiled to three quarts. As the horse recovers, give a If neceflary to quicken, add a drachm or two to the few malt malhes. quantity of jalap.
In case of super-purgation, or excessive working of In droptical, or other cases, where drastics may be the physic, the very common consequence of the use of absolutely necessary, nothing is more safe and effectual plantation aloes, or a too powerful mercurial dose, than a small addition of scammony, in its pure and na. give the following, a quart at a time, with the horn, in tural state, to succotrine aloes, with a sufficient guard the course of the day: fimmer gum arabic and tragaof falts, soap, or oil; but such potent articles require canth, each four ounces ; juniper berries and carraway. medical knowledge and judgment in the prefcriber. feeds, bruised, 'three ounces; ginger, half an ounce, in
Thé Rhubarb Purge, from Gibson. Finest fucco five quarts of water, until the gum fhall be diffolved. trine aloes one ounce; Turkey-rhubarb, in powder, Gruel made of boiled rice is excellent in this intenhalf an ounce; ginger, grated, one drachm; make the tion, given either with the horn, or in the horse's ball with syrup of roles. This is highly recommended drink, and the rice by way of malh. Or, cordial ball for delicate conftitutions and poor feeders. Or, in warm ale. Or, prepare a decoction of chamomile,
Fine aloes, one ounce and two drachms; myrrh, wormwood, fresh annileeds, and laffron; to three quarfine powder, half an ounce; faffron, and fresh jalap ters of a pint of this, warm, add a pint of fine old port powder, each one drachm; make a ftitf ball with fyrup wine, in which has been diffolved one ounce of dialcor, of roses, or marshmallows; and a small tea-spoon fuildium, to be given every three or four hours. The
horse
Page 25
To put a horse upon his haunches, is to make him they may not dirty themselves ; you must therefore at bend them in galloping in the manage, or upon a stop. such times place yourself as near your nets as possible, See HAUNCHES.
and if by accident the quail passes by one end of the To put a horse to the walk, trot, or gallop, is to make net, call her back again, and the will soon come to him walk, trot, or gallop.
your net, PUTTOCK, a kind of long-winged kite, a bird of
The form of the call and how to make them, are prcy.
described Plate XII. viz. the first A, is made of a PYE-BALD Horse, is one that has white spots up- small leather purse, about two tingers wide, and four on a coat of another colour.
long, in shape much like a pear; it must be stuffed Thus there are pye-bald bays, pye-bald forrels, and half full of horse-hair; place in the end a small pye-bald blacks, and so of the rest.
whistle or deyice, marked C, made of a bone of a cat's, PYROET; [in Horsemanship] some are of one tread hare's, or coney's leg, or rather of a wing of an old or pistes, some of two
hern, which must be about three fingers long, and the · those of one tread are otherwise called, Pirouettes end C, must be formed like a Hagelet with a little foft de la tete a la queve, which are entire and very narrow wax ; put also in a little to close up the end B, which turns made by the horse upon one tread, and almost in open a little with a pin, to cause it to give the clearer one time, in such a manner that his head is placed and more diftinct found : faften this pipe in your purse, where his tail was, without putting out his haunches. and then to make it 1pcak, hold it full in the palm of
To make horses take this pyroet with more facility, your left-hand, putting one of your fingers over the top they use in the manage to put them to five or fix of of the wax; you must thake on the place marked A, them all running, without stirring off the fpot. with the hinder part of your right thumb, and so imi
In duels they are of use to gain the enemy's croup. tate the call of the hen-quail.
Pyroets of two piftes or treads, are turns of two treads The form of the other quail-call, described Plate upon a small compass of ground, almost of the length of XII. Fig. 2. must be four fingers long, and above an the horse.
inch thick, made of a piece of wire turned round, as
if it was curled; it must be covered over with leather, UAILS are the least of all the birds of the galli- and one end thereof closed up with a piece of Alat
naceous kind. They have, however, the genius wood, marked 2 ; about the middle you must have a of the cock, and may be bred to fight like our game small thread, or leather strap 7, wherewith you may çocks. This was an old custom among the Athenians, hold it, so as to use it with one hand ; and at the other and is still kept up in some parts of Italy, and in Asia. end, place just such a pipe as is described before in Quails are birds of passage, some entirely quitting our making up the first call. illand, others shifting their quarters from one country Now for the calling with it, hold the strap or piece to another, dwelling in corn-fields, or meadows.- of leather with your left-hand, close by the piece of Quails begin to sing in April; they make their nefts on wood marked 2, and with your right-hand hold the the ground, and sit in the month of May, at which pipe, just where it is joined to the Hagelet, marked 3, time you must not disturb them : you may know the and make the same noise as the hen does when the hen by her sender neck, and that the is not black un-calls the cock. der the chin, but of the colour of baked carth, and so The net commonly used, is called a hallier, or bramup to the head, her breast and belly are almost white, ble-net, which is managed as in the following figure. her back and wings of a dark yellow colour ; but the If you know where the cock is alone, get within fifhead, neck, back, tail, and wings of the cock, are teen paces: suppose the pricked lines, marked with the almost black : his beak iş also black and feet shining letters A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, wliere the borders of
Quails are to be taken by calls, while they are in the corn-field, and that the quail should be at the let. their wooing-times, which is from April till Auguft; ter P, spread your net on the top of the ridge adjointhe quail will call at fun-rising, about nine o'clock, ing to the corn, and pitch your hallier, and to the bird about twelve, about three in the afternoon, and at sun- running cross the corn, may get into the net without fet. The notes of the cock differ much from the hen, perceiving it; then draw back into the bottom of the fo that you must be expert in both, if you intend to do third or fourth line 0, where you most stoop and hide any good in taking thein; and when you hear the cock yourself over-against the middle of the net, in order call, answer in the hen's note; and so on the contrary, to call the quail. answer the hen in the cock's note and they will both QUARTER; to work from quarter to quarter, is to come to you, that you may cast your net over and take ride a horse three times in end, upon the first of the them.
four lines of a square ; then changing your hand, and If it be a single cock quail, he will come at the first riding him three times upon a second; at the third line call, but if he hath a hen with him, he will not for- changing your hand, and so passing to the third and faké her: sometimes you shall only hear one to answer fourth, observing the fame order. your call, yet three or four will come to your net, so A False QUARTER, is when the hoof has a kind that you need not make too much hafte when you find of cleft occalioned by a horse's casting his quarter, and one entangled, for some more may be taken in a short getting a new one, for then the horn beginning to grow, time.
is uneven and ugly, as also bigger and softer than the Quails are neat cleanly birds, and will not much run rest of the hoof; and such feet ihould be shod with half into dews or wet places, but chuse rather to fly, that panton shoes; but if the cleft be considerable, and take
up
Page 26
much rest, and the keeper's negligence in not rubbing bridle, and leaning forwards with your whole weight,
and dressing them well. Also by reason of good keep- give him both your spurs as he is falling down; but.
ing, without exercise, the blood, corrupting in his fpur him not as he is riling, for that may cause him to
body, falls down into his legs, which causes the dif- come over upon you, temper.
T. RECHASE [among hunters] is to make home- These rat-tails come upon the back sinews, and may wards, to drive through the place where the game was be known by the part being without hair, from two or first rouzed or started. three fingers breadth below the hams to the very pal- RECHASING, driving back the deer, or other tern-joint. They are sometimes dry, and sometimes beasts, into the forests, chases, &c. from whence they moist, but always accompanied with crusts and hard had strayed. callosities, more raised than the rest of the leg: when RECHEAT, a certain leffon which huntsmen wind moist they send forth a sharp humour.
upon the horn when the hounds have lost their game, Those that are moist, usually give way to drying to call them back from pursuing a 'counter scent. applications, such as the following:
RECLAIMING [in falconry] is the calling of a Take four ounces of vinegar; of alum and white hawk, or bird of prey, back to the fift. The sparvitriol, each half an ounce; powder and mix them. hawk, gos-hawk, &c. are reclaimed with the voice;
The dry and hard fort, for the most part, give way to the falcon only by shaking the lure. So that the term the stronger blue ointment; but if they do not yield to luring, with regard to the falcon, is more proper than this, apply the following caustic ointinent:
reclaiming. The partridge is also said to reclaim her Take foft soap, two parts; quick-lime, one part; young ones, when the calls them together upon their mix, and spread it just large enough to cover the swel- scattering too much from her. ling, but no farther; which must be prevented, or it RECLAIMING is also used for taming animals will destroy more than is required.
that are wild by nature. Coach-horses of a large size, that have their legs RECORD [among fowlers]. A bird is said to recharged with Alesh, hair, &c, are most subject to this cord, when it begins to une or fing within itself; or to and such like infirmities, which feldom happen to form its notes, or dispose its organs for singing. The middle-fized horses.
cock thrush is distinguished from the hen in recording; The cure.---Ride the horse well till he be warm, the first being more loud and frequent in it than the which will make the veins swell, and appear better; fecond. Instances have been known of birds beginafterwards bleed him well on the fetlock veins, on both ning to record when they were not a month old. This sides, and next day wash the forcs with warm water, first essay does not seem to have the least rudiments of and then clip away all the hair about it, and anoint the future fong; but, as the bird grow's older and
part aggrieved with the following ointment: stronger, one may perceive what the reitling is aiming
Take green copperas and verdigris of each four at. Ă young bird commonly continues to record for ten ounces; of common honey, half a pound; reduce the or eleven months, when he is able to execute every part copperas and verdigris to a fine powder, and work of his song, which afterwards continues fixed, and is them up with the honey to a due consistence: use this scarcely ever altered. The term record is probably ointment till the fore be healed. Or take a quarter of derived from a musical instrument, formerly used in a pound of Flanders oil of bays, a quarter of an ounce England, called a recorder; which seems to have been of oil of turpentine, and fix drachms' of quicksilver; a species of Aute, and was probably used to teach young mix the quicksilver and oil of turpentine well together, birds to pipe tunes. Lord Bacon describes this intruand then add the oil of bays, and stir all together till ment [in his Second Century of Experiments] to have you cannot discover any of the particles of the quick- been straight, to have had a smaller and greater bore, silver; with which anoint the horse's legs twice a day; both above and below, to have required very little and when he comes from exercise let his legs be well breath from the blower, and to have had what he calls washed with soap and warm water, and wiped dry.---See a fipple, or stopper. LEGS OF A HORSE.
I REDRESS A Stag, [hunting term] is to put him RAT-TAIL: a horse is so called when he has no off his changes. hair upon his tail.
RED-SHANK, a bird that has red legs and feet. RAZE: a horse razes, or has razed, that is, his RED-START, a bird fo named from its red tail; the corner teeth cease to be hollow, so that the cavity where word Stert, in Suxon, signifying a tail. This bird is of the black mark was is now filled up, and the tooth is a very fullen temper; for if taken old, and not out of even, smooth, and razed, or shaved, as it were, and the the neft, he is very hard to be tamed; and wiil be so mark disappears:
vexed sometimes, as is hardly credible. It is a forcRE-AFFORESTED, is where a forest has been dif- runner of the nightingale, and comes four or five times afforested, and again made forest, as the forest of Dean before he is generally heard, being of a cheerful spirit was by an act of Parliament, in the 20th of King abroad, and having a very pretty melodious kind of Charles II.
whistling fong. The cock is very fair, beautifully coREARING AN END [in Horsemanship] is when a loured, and exceedingly pleafant to the eye. They horse rises fo high before, as to endanger his coming breed thrice a year, viz. the latter end of April, in over upon his rider; in that case you must give him the May, and in June; this being their ordinary course,