Mengapa Indonesia menganut sistem PEMERINTAHAN presidensial

ABSTRAK

Omega, Gracia Filia. 2017. Dinamika Sistem Presidensial Dalam Pemerintahan Indonesia. Skripsi, Jurusan Hukum Dan Kewarganegaraan, Fakultas Ilmu Sosial Universitas Negeri Malang. Pembimbing [I] Drs. Suparlan Al Hakim, M.Si. Pembimbing [II] Dr. Sri Untari, M.Si.

Kata Kunci: Sistem Pemerintahan, Presidensial.

Setiap negara di dunia tentu memiliki sebuah sistem untuk menjalankan pemerintahan negaranya, sebuah sistem yang berkaitan dengan mekanisme yang dilakukan pemerintah dalam menjalankan tugasnya. Sistem tersebut umumnya disebut dengan sistem pemerintahan. Sejak masa kemerdekaan Indonesia, negara Indonesia pernah menerapkan dua sistem pemerintahan yakni sistem parlementer dan sistem presidensial.

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui: [1] dinamika perjalanan praktik sistem pemerintahan presidensial di Indonesia sebelum amandemen UUD 1945, dan [2] dinamika perjalanan praktik sistem pemerintahan presidensal di Indonesia sesudah amandemen. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu penelitian kepustakaan. Peneliti dihadapkan langsung dengan teks atau buku-buku pustaka sebagai sumber utama penelitian dan bukan langsung dari lapangan. Dengan menelaah dan mengkaji bahan-bahan pustaka peneliti mendekripsikan, menafsirkan dan membandingkan objek penelitian.

Hasil kajian pustaka peneliti menggambarkan bahwa, pada awalnya UUD 1945 sebelum amandemen menerapkan sistem presidensial. Seiring perubahan kontitusi yakni konstitusi RIS, Indonesia menganut sistem pemerintahan parlementer, begitu pula pada masa UUDS 1950. Sistem presidensial kembali diterapkan pada periode 1959 setelah dikeluarkannya Dekrit Presiden 5 Juli 1959 sampai sekarang.Berdasarkan UUD 1945 [sebelum amandemen], negara Indonesia menganut sistem pemerintahan presidensial. Tetapi pada praktiknya di lapangan adalah banyak sistem yang paling sering digunakan dalam bagian-bagian pemerintahan Indonesia menggunakan sistem pemerintahan parlementer. Indonesia tidak konsisten menerapkan sistem pemerintahan yang mana menerapkan sistem presidensial tapi rasa parlemen karena distorsi posisi Presiden sebagai mandataris MPR. Selain itu masa jabatan presiden tidak terbatas sehingga pada masa Presiden Soekarno dan Presiden Soeharto mampu memimpin hingga puluhan tahun. Kemudian kegagalan dan mundurnya Presiden Soekarno ditandai dengan nama era reformasi dimana pemurnian sistem presidensial mulai dilaksanakan. Amandemen UUD 1945 berhasil dilaksanakan dengan menghasilkan pembatasan kekuasaan bagi presiden, pemilihan langsung oleh rakyat, dan pemisahan kekuasaan antara presiden dan parlemen. Dalam UUD NRI 1945 menerapkan sistem presidensial dengan gabungan sitem multipartai. Karenanya muncul koalisi partai politik dalam pemerintahan agar mampu tercapainya angka mayoritas di parlemen.

Dari hasil kajian pustaka ini saran yang diberikan adalah pemerintah menerapkan sistem pemerintahan presidensial sesuai dan konsisten dengan karekter sistem presidensial dan sesuai dengan karakter masyarakat Indonesia. Bagi masyarakat agar masyarakat Indonesia ikut turut mewujudkan sistem pemerintahan yang baik dengan terus menggiring jalannya pemerintahan. Bagi peneliti selanjutnya hendaknya bisa menambah pengetahuan sehingga penelitian yang akan datang menjadi lebih baik.

ABSTRACT

Omega, Gracia Filia. 2017. Dynamics of Presidential System in Indonesian Goverment. Thesis, Department of Law and Citizenship, Faculty of Social Sciences, State University of Malang. Supervisor [I] Drs. Suparlan Al Hakim, M.Si. Advisor [II] Dr. Sri Untari, M.Si.

Keywords: Governmental, Presidential System.

Every country in the world certainly has a system to run its country government, a system that deals with the mechanism that the government does in carrying out its duties. The system is generally called the system of government. Since the Indonesian independence period, the Indonesian state has applied two systems of government namely the parliamentary system and presidential system.

This study aims to determine: [1] the dynamics of the journey of presidential government system practice in Indonesia prior to the amendment of the 1945 Constitution; and [2] the dynamics of practice journey of the presidential government system in Indonesia after the amendment. The approach used in this research is library research. Researchers are directly faced with text or literature as the main source of research and not directly from the field. By reviewing and reviewing the library materials the researcher decrypt, interpret and compare the object of research.

The results of literature review of the researcher illustrates that, initially the 1945 Constitution before the amendments apply presidential system. As the constitutional changes of the RIS constitution, Indonesia embraces the parliamentary system of government, as well as during the 1950 UUDS. The presidential system was re-enacted in the period 1959 after the issuance of Presidential Decree 5 July 1959 to the present. Based on the 1945 Constitution [before the amendment], the Indonesian state embraces a presidential government system. But in practice in the field are many of the most commonly used systems in parts of Indonesian government using parliamentary system of government. Indonesia does not consistently implement a governmental system which implements a presidential system but a sense of parliament because of the distortion of the position of the President as the mandate of the MPR. In addition, the term of office of the president is not limited so that during the time of President Soekarno and President Soeharto able to lead up to tens of years. Then the failure and resignation of President Soekarno was marked by the name of reform era where the purification of the presidential system began to take place. The 1945 Amendment was successfully implemented by generating power restrictions for the president, direct elections by the people, and the separation of powers between the president and parliament. In the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia adopts a presidential system with a mixed multiparty system. Therefore, a coalition of political parties emerges in the government to achieve a parliamentary majority.

From the results of this literature review the advice given is that the government implements presidential government system in accordance with and consistent with the presidential system character and in accordance with the character of Indonesian society. For the people to help the people of Indonesia participate in realizing a good governance system by continuing to lead the way the government. For the next researcher should be able to increase knowledge so that research will come to be better.

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